本文以河南省开封朱仙镇及赵庄村为主要调查地点，利用历史文献考证和田野调查访谈相结合的研究方法来研究年画工艺知识及口头传统。开封朱仙镇木版年画在我国木版年画的历史发展中具有十分重要的地位。其年画工艺知识及口头传统，对于我们研究民间文化的文化实质及其发展变化规律具有十分重要的价值意义。本课题主要采用民俗学、民间文学、社会学、口述史学等学科理论与研究方法，尤其是田野作业的科学考察进行综合研究。年画工艺知识及口头传统的实质在这里表现出地方民众文化生活的具体内容。全文主体部分为三章。第一部分主要论述年画的工艺知识，对于画诀的叙事意义与年画制作的传统技艺进行以口述史学为基本方式的勾勒与梳理。其主要包括在朱仙镇民间艺人年画制作过程中以技艺传承为重要目的的生产即工艺知识。它是年画作为文化形态形成地域识别标志的重要元素，也是其发展、传承的文化基础。年画生产技艺的传承更多的是强调“留住手艺”。当传统工艺被现代技艺替代渐渐式微时，首先从“艺”即制作方式上改变传统。研究年画的工艺知识，着重探讨朱仙镇木版年画制作中的“大毛”、“二毛”、“耍货”等年画概念；其工艺语言具有深厚的文化内涵和独特的风格，包含着朱仙镇木版年画民间艺人的人生经验与聪明智慧。第二部分是对口头讲述中的朱仙镇木版年画画店设置与民间艺人群体等内容进行梳理、总结。口头传统是年画知识与年画故事传承的重要内容与重要特色口头传统强调“名正言顺”，在年画的传播、传承中规范文化发展方式。本章主要采用口述史学的研究方法，深入挖掘出朱仙镇木版年画曾经发展、繁荣的文化历史，包括历史上的朱仙镇与民间艺人生存状况、朱仙镇木版年画画店分布状况等内容。第三部分是全文的主要内容，主要通过民间艺人的“贴法”与“讲法”，研究年画故事在讲述中所表现的异同。口头传统是民间故事讲述与保存的基本形式，其中包含着复杂的社会生活内容，尤其是地方民众的情感。这里对于年画中的民间故事的研究着重探讨以“用”为中心的年画故事讲述过程，包括其口头传统的重要来源、年画故事内容表现特色、年画故事在口头讲述中表现的内容与语言的差异问题、民间信仰与民俗生活作为民间故事口头传播与传承的文化底色等问题。尤其是对其中的“开封味儿”与“戏出年画”以及年画题材与年画体裁的论述，从更深层次揭示所谓口头讲述的文化功能包括口头传统的多样性。总之，年画工艺知识及口头传统是民俗学与民间文学研究的重要课题。朱仙镇木版年画是在历史发展中因为朱仙镇特殊的地理位置与农耕文化的特殊诉求而形成繁荣景象的；这是民俗生活、民间文学与民间艺术发展的普遍规律。

Investigating in Kaifeng Zhuxian Town and Zhaozhuang Village,the thesis uses the methods of researching historical documents with a combination of investigating field to study the Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures handicraft knowledge and oral tradition in Kaifeng.Kaifeng Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures have an important position in history.Their new year pictures handicraft knowledge and oral tradition are worth researching on folklore cultural central point and developing law.This thesis uses the theory and method of folklore,folklore literature,history and geography,oral account history,literature and art,etc.The central point of the new year pictures handicraft knowledge and oral tradition expresses the concrete content of the local people cultural life. The full text is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the introduction to the new year pictures handicraft knowledge.That is the study of the oral account history of picture pithy formula narrate meaning and the traditional manufacturing operation of new year pictures handicraft.It mainly includes the manufacturing operation new year pictures handicraft knowledge of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year picrures folk handicraftsmen .As a kind of cultural form, the new year pictures handicraft knowledge forms region identification mark.At the same time, the new year pictures handicraft knowledge is the cultural foundation of this district developing.The study of the handicraft knowledge mainly includes the concept of “Da Mao”,”Er Mao”and“playing goods”.The technology language of new year pictures has profound cultural contents and peculiar narrative styles.It contains the wisdom of Zhuxian Town woodpblocks new year pictures folk handicraftsmen.The second chapter on the oral narrating of shops and folk handicraftsmen of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures.The oral tradition is the important content and distinguishing feature of new year pictures knowledge and new year pictures story developing.This section mainly adopts the methods of oral account history.It includes not only the history of Zhuxian Town and the exsist conditions of woodblock new year pictures folk handicraftsmen in Zhuxian Town but also the shops distribution of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year picture and the cultural kinds of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures.The third chapter is the major content of the full text.It mainly analyzes the pictures stories through the pasting method and oral narrating of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures folk handicraftsmen.The oral tradition is the basic form of folktale relating and conserving.It contains complex social life content,esp.in the field of local folk feeling.The folktale content of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures studys these problems:the oral tradition resourse of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures,the stories expression feature of Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures, pictures stories oral narrating difference of the Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures stories and folk belief.It shows that the folklore life is the cultural bottom of folk stories’spreading and handing down.In brief,the forming of the scene of prosperity about Zhuxian Town woodblock new year pictures relies on Zhuxian Town special geographical position and the peculiar of farming culture.This is the general law of the development of folklore life, folklore literature and folk arts.