生态需水量研究是一个集生态学、遥感科学、地理信息系统、水文学、气候学等多学科的研究领域，其中河口湿地生态需水量研究具有其独特性。本文在对国内外生态需水量研究进行分析比较的基础上，对黄河河口生态需水量进行研究，分析了河口湿地生态系统的现状及存在的生态安全问题，借助RS、GIS技术提取了黄河河口湿地信息，分别计算了黄河河口湿地的植被需水量、土壤需水量、野生生物栖息地需水量和渗流补水需水量等，最终计算出黄河河口湿地的生态需水量。本文主要研究内容及成果主要体现在以下三个方面：（1）在对湿地生态需水量各类计算方法进行比较分析的基础上，选择生态功能法对黄河河口湿地的各类型生态需水量进行计算，估算出黄河河口湿地的植被需水量、土壤需水量、野生生物栖息地需水量和渗流补水需水量等不同需水量。（2）根据黄河河口湿地的动态变化，设定不同的初始条件和保护目标，分别计算出黄河河口湿地的最小生态需水量、适宜生态需水量及最大生态需水量等，初步计算结果显示：黄河河口湿地的最小生态需水量为18.05亿立方米，适宜的生态需水量为26.52亿立方米，最大的生态需水量为36.06亿立方米。三者之间存在较大的差异。（3）通过分析得出缺水问题是黄河河口湿地存在与发展中的最大限制因素，并且提出了相应的对策和建议。

Research on the ecological water requirement is a set of many domains, such as hydrology, ecology, environment, climatology, computer science, remote sensing, and the study of estuary wetland ecological water requirement is in the ascendan. Under the current research situation, this article launches the research on the ecological water demand of the Yellow River estuary, that is it computes the Yellow River estuary water requirement of wetland vegetation, soil, water, wildlife habitat, water and seepage water inlet water demand by GIS and RS technology, based on the analysis of the present situation of estuary wetland ecosystem and the problems of ecological security, in order to provide the basic data for research.This article’s research content and results mainly reflected in three aspects:(1) the calculation methods of wetlands ecological water requirement used in the Yellow River estuary wetland help get the results of all kinds of the Yellow River estuary wetland in ecological water demand, and the calculation results includes water requirement of wetland vegetation, soil, water, wildlife habitat, and water seepage water.(2) Yellow River estuary wetland ecological water demand is divided into the ranks of minimum, suitable and maximum for calculation, and the calculation result is: the minimum ecological water demand is 1.805 billion m3, the suitable ecological water demand is 2.652 billion m3, the maximum ecological water demand is 3.606 billion m3.(3) this papaer concludes that water shortage is the biggest limit in the Yellow River estuary wetland existence and development factors, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions.