2016年教育部印发的《关于新形势下进一步做好普通中小学装备工作的意见》和2019年教育部颁布的《教育部关于加强和改进中小学实验教学的意见》都强调了实验仪器在实验教学中的重要地位，并对中小学实验仪器的标准和配备提出了更高的要求。有学者对实验设备和教学之间的关系进行了进一步的探讨，提出了设备教学适应性的概念，如何提高实验设备的教学适应性以更好地促进小学科学教学开始成为研究者关注的问题，但是相关的深入调查研究还非常少。

本研究以山东省滨州市两所学校“运动和力”单元为例对小学科学实验设备教学适应性进行了分析和研究，旨在探究两所学校实验设备的实际使用情况及其对教学的适应程度。笔者对小学科学探究与实验教学、小学科学实验设备的配备与使用、小学科学实验设备的教学适应性等方面的相关文献进行了梳理，进而确定了具体的研究问题：一、小学科学实验设备教学适应性主要包含哪些基本维度？二、两所学校小学科学四年级“运动和力”单元实验设备的配备情况如何？三、两所学校四年级“运动和力”单元设备的教学适应性如何？

本研究主要采用问卷调查、课堂观察和访谈的方法，以滨州市S小学和H小学四年级师生以及“运动和力”单元实验设备为研究对象，研究历时2个月，共观察24课时，并实施课后调研。本研究在课堂观察的基础上，参照设备教学适应性评价的基本维度，在每课时后编制师生调查问卷并施测。梳理了S小学和H小学“运动和力”单元实验设备的配备情况以及使用中存在的一些问题，并分析了设备的教学适应性，包括设备在教学目标内容方面的适应性、设备对学习主体的适应性以及设备误差控制和时空的适应性。

研究结果表明，在两所学校“运动和力”单元实验教学中，实验设备在教学目标和内容方面的适应性上整体良好，但是也存在由于实验关键材料缺少和结构不良等问题造成的学生对教学内容原理的理解不到位。在动机与情感的适应性方面，大多数设备对学生而言是新颖的，有较强的吸引力，大部分学生对实验设备感兴趣，且随着实验的进行对设备的熟悉度增加，部分设备对学生而言具有挑战性；感知与动作的适应性方面，大部分设备的感官适应性良好，动作适应性方面，有些设备因尺寸过小、重量过大或操作环节太复杂而造成学生动作操作上的困难；设备认知的适应性方面，学生普遍对设备有进一步探索性的意愿，大部分设备多数情况下能够得到学生的注意，部分设备对学生而言还不是很好理解，表现为学生不会操作或操作不规范；参与及交互式合作的适应性方面存在分工与合作不明确的现象；误差控制与时空的控制性方面存在由于设备的问题造成的误差较大、实验空间过小、时间过短或过长等问题。笔者在调查研究的基础上根据设备具体问题提出了相关的改善意见和建议。

In 2016,the Ministry of Education issued the "Opinions on Further Doing a Good Job in Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools' Equipment Work under the New Situation" and the "Ministry of Education's Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools" issued by the Ministry of Education in 2019 both emphasize the important position of experimental equipment in teaching, and put forward higher requirements for the standard and equipment of experimental instruments in primary and secondary schools. Some scholars have further explored the relationship between experimental equipment and teaching, and put forward the concept of equipment teaching adaptability, how to improve the teaching adaptability of experimental equipment in order to better promote the primary school science curriculum and teaching has gradually become a growing concern of researchers, but the actual in-depth investigation and research are still relatively few.

This study takes the "motion and force" unit of two schools in Binzhou City, Shandong Province as an example to analyze and study the adaptability of the teaching of elementary science experiment equipment, aiming to explore the actual use of the experimental equipment in the two schools and its adaptation to teaching degree. The author sorted out the relevant literature on elementary school science inquiry and experiment teaching, the equipment and use of elementary science experiment equipment, and the teaching adaptability of elementary science experiment equipment, and then identified specific research questions: 1.What are the basic dimensions of the adaptability of primary school science experiment equipment teaching?2. How is the equipment equipped with the experimental equipment of the "Motion and Force" unit in the fourth grade of science in the two schools? 3. How is the teaching adaptability of the equipment in the fourth grade " Motion and Force" unit of the two schools?

This research mainly uses questionnaire surveys, classroom observations and interviews. The fourth grade teachers and students of S and H primary schools in Binzhou City and the experimental equipment of the "Motion and Force" unit are used as the research objects. The research lasted for 2 months, a total of 24 class hours were observed, and after-school surveys were carried out. Based on classroom observations and referring to the basic dimensions of equipment teaching adaptability evaluation, this research prepares teacher-student questionnaires and tests after each class hour. It sorted out the equipment of S elementary school and H elementary school's "Motion and Force" unit experimental equipment and some problems in its use, and analyzed the teaching adaptability of teaching equipment, including the adaptability of equipment in terms of teaching objectives and content . The adaptability of the learning subject and the adaptability of equipment error control and the adaptability of time and space

The research results show that the adaptability of the equipment in terms of teaching objectives and content is generally good, but there are also problems in the equipment caused by the students' unclear principles of the teaching content, such as the experimental equipment in the sliding friction and rolling friction experiments of S Elementary School Insufficient, students cannot personally feel and compare the friction of the trolley under different conditions through experiments. Although the H elementary school is equipped with equipment, it is obtained from the operation of the equipment. The result is quite different from the textbook, which is easy to cause misunderstandings to students. In terms of motivation and emotional adaptability, most of the equipment is new to students and has strong appeal. Most students are interested in experimental equipment, and their familiarity with the equipment increases as the experiment progresses. Some equipment is challenging for students; in terms of the adaptability of perception and movement, most of the equipment has good perception adaptability, In terms of movement adaptability, some equipment is too small, too heavy or too complicated to operate, which makes it difficult for students to operate;

in terms of the adaptability of equipment cognition, students generally have a willingness to further explore the equipment. In most cases, most equipment can get the attention of students. Some equipment is not well understood by students. It is because students cannot operate or operate irregularly; there is a phenomenon of unclear division of labor and cooperation in the adaptability of participation and interactive cooperation; In terms of error control and time-space adaptability, there are problems such as large errors caused by equipment problems, too small experimental space, and too short or too long time. On the basis of investigation and research, the author puts forward relevant improvement opinions and suggestions according to the specific problems of the equipment