本论文主要研究Nam Theun 2大坝工程对老挝的生态环境影响。Nam Theun 2大坝是老挝最大的水坝工程，建造于2004年。作为该地区经济发展的最大动力，大坝的建设将会为当地经济带来巨大的效益。水电工程将会为渔业、抗洪、灌溉等带来效益，同时也利于绿色产业如旅游业的发展。但水电工程将会对那凯高原上村落造成巨大的生态影响，其中15个村落主要受到洪水泛滥的影响，其余两个村庄受到部分影响。水坝工程建设了450平方千米的蓄水池，淹没了那凯高原40%的土地面积，是4500名居民生活受到影响。Nam Theun区域有68种鱼类，邦非河有131种鱼类，其中35%的鱼类无法适应水坝建设带来的环境改变，17%可以适应，而其中只有21%可能很顺利地继续生存。本论文主要研究目标包括3个方面：(1)对Nam Theun 2水电项目进行环境影响评价研究；(2)对Nam Theun 2水电项目生态影响进行评估；(3) 对水坝周边地区生态多样性受影响程度进行分析。通过实地考察、文献调研和野外观测的方法，研究表明Nam Theun 2水电项目对环境影响主要表现为：(1) 洪水频繁且持续时间长，导致湿季谷子产量损失和稻田荒废； (2) 鱼和海洋生物多样性逐渐减少； (3) 因河岸侵蚀导致河岸土地损失。如果在大坝建设和运营过程中采取有效措施，是可以适当缓解和避免这些环境影响的。

This thesis is study of environmental impact of Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project in Laos, as well as environmental impact on natural resource. The project located on Nam Theun River Khammouane Province Lao PDR. The Num Theun 2 Dam was constructed in 2004. It was the largest dam project in Laos. The dam was viewed as an engine for economic growth for the region as well as the country. It provides various developmental benefits ranging from the growth of fishing industry, flood control, improvement of irrigation systems to the incubation of green industries such as tourism. However, there are 17 recognized villages on the Nakai Plateau, of which fifteen villages are fully affected by reservoir inundation and two villages are partially affected. The two partially affected, ones are Phonphanpek and Oudomsouk villages. A shallow reservoir of 450 sq.km flooded 40 percent of the Nakai plateau and 4500 people inhabitants. There are 68 species of fish in the Nam Theun, 131 species of fish in the Xe Bang Fai, 35 % of fish species cannot adapt to the changing condition, 17% could adapted, and only 21% adapted without difficulties.This paper aims to study: 1) the environmental impact of Nam Theun 2 hydropower project; 2) the assessment of ecological impact of the Nam Theun 2 hydropower project; 3) the assessment of biodiversity in the dam construction area. The results of the field surveys, the reviewed literature and field observations were used to study the environmental impact of Nam Theun 2 hydropower project. The frequent and long-lasting floods led to the loss of wet season rice crops and abandoned paddy land. It also led to fish loss and aquatic living environment decline, as well as loss of land due to riverbank erosion. This study includes the environmental impact of Nam Theun 2 hydropower project, the destruction of wildlife living environment and the destruction of fish and the aquatic living environment. The study areas-Nakai Plateau and the Nakai Plateau have been negatively affected by the Nam Theun 2 hydropower project. Nakai plateau is located in the Khammouane provinces, Lao PDR. However, the above impact may be avoided or reduced by implementing, the effective mitigation measures during the construction and operation of the reservoir.