馆职本意为三馆秘阁职名，亦指带有职名的官员。北宋前期的馆职是具有明确指向性的群体称谓，特指校勘以上职名，不包括其他杂职名。元丰改制后，秘书省职事官继承了这一称谓。两宋时期的馆职以馆阁工作为基本职能，同时承担侍从顾问、修撰著述等为统治者提供文学顾问的职能。秘书省官除前述职能外，还需要负责管理本省下辖事务。自唐以来，馆职除授出自皇帝特旨。元丰改制后，秘书省官又多有经职事官体系迁转而来者。但其除授方式以召试最具代表性。召试提名者以学行为标准，多由进士高科例进或大臣荐举。召试是以皇帝名义组织的考试，例由中书、学士院或舍人院负责，考试内容也与时政关系紧密。 馆职召试是效仿知制诰而为之，而统治者也为储养儒学人才而设计了以馆职为基础的词臣培养体系。为锻炼馆职的治事能力同时缓解迁转压力，统治者又令馆职兼职。在京兼职仍以文学顾问性质为中心，在外则根据职名、官资等级别充任地方官员。宋朝修史机构经历了多次变革，改变了唐代史馆修史的制度，但馆职仍是史官的重要来源。崇文院密迩内廷，馆职凭借空间优势与皇权关系紧密，深度参与了禁中讲学、游宴活动。北宋前期，馆职承继了唐代团结向上的优良风气，又抓住了统治者崇儒的发展机遇，逐渐获得了庶官中的清要地位。因此，馆职在收入、迁转等方面均获得了优于普通官员的待遇。大臣举荐是馆职参与召试的重要途径，因而馆职群体不可避免被卷入党派斗争，馆职也通过党争对宋朝政治产生了重要影响。 统治者对馆职过于宽松的要求助长了馆职功利的心态，也吸引了既得利益者为子弟规避风险，求取职名。自宋仁宗开始，统治者对馆阁工作、文学顾问的关注程度不断下降，反而更加重视馆职的荣誉属性。受此影响，馆阁工作日渐荒废，馆职内外兼职逐渐向酬赏贴职发展。宋神宗改革官制，取缔了与秘书省职能冲突的崇文院，也就废除了馆阁职名，却并没有改变其他职名酬赏贴职的性质。元祐当政者为完善贴职体系而恢复用于酬赏庶官的部分馆阁职名，但立志效法祖宗之制的臣僚不满足于仅仅恢复馆职之名，最终促使朝廷许令带职者供职秘书省即新馆阁。宋哲宗亲政后，削减所复职名，并不许供职。宋徽宗定九等庶官贴职体系，从制度上终结了旧馆职制度。秘书省继承崇文院遗产，成为新时期的馆阁，故统治者为秘书省官设计了职事官附带馆职培养体系的新制度。这一定位的本意是兼顾重点培养对象与普通职事官，但与北宋前期的馆职制度相比，秘书省官的职事官性质导致其迁转环节更加复杂，制约因素更多，对朝廷的影响力更有限。

Guanzhi is the collective appellation of official titles of Sanguan-Mige and also refers to officials who had these titles.In early northern Song dynasty, Guanzhi was the specified appellation of a bureaucratic group, which referred specifically to titles above Jiaokan level. Emendation was the basic function of Guanzhi, which also undertook functions of consultancy and composition at the emperor’s demand. After the Reform of Yuanfeng Bureaucratic System, bureaucratic posts of Mishusheng took over the appellation. The new Guanzhi undertook the similar functions and also needed to assume administrative functions. The appointment of Guanzhi was issued based on emperor’s special order since Tang dynasty. Officials of Mishusheng had its own selection and promotion system. Above all, Zhaoshi was the most representative method to select Guanzhi. The nominees of Zhaoshi,who were normally recommanded by top brass or originated from high ranks of Jinshike, should achieve certain academic and moral standards. Zhaoshi, the exam in the name of the emperor, was usually organized by Zhongshu, Xueshiyuan or Sherenyuan, with content concerning current politics. The exam form of Guanzhi selection, which reflected the truth that the emperor thought highly of Guanzhi, imitated the selection form of Zhizhigao. In order to cultivate Confucian officials, the emperor designed the cultivation system of court officials on the basis of Guanzhi. Considering improving the administrative ability of Guanzhi and relieving promotion pressure of bureaucratic system, the emperor offered Guanzhi opportunities of concurrent posts. Concurrent posts in central government were also posts of consultancy, while posts in local government were determined according to ranks of Guanzhi. Historian system in Song dynasty had experienced several times of reforms, which changed the system that Shiguan was responsible for writing official history books in Tang dynasty, while Guanzhi remained the important source of candidates for historiographers. Chongwenyuan located near inner court, resorted to which Guanzhi had kept a close relationship with the emperor, getting deeply involved in lecturing and banquet activities organized by the emperor. Guanzhi inherited the spirit of unity from Tang dynasty, seized the policy opportunity of Confucian worship and achieved prominent position among ordinary bureaucrats. Therefore, Guanzhi enjoyed preferential treatment of income and promotion. Guanzhi were mostly recommended by top brass, which involved them into factional political struggles, by which means Guanzhi exerted important impact on politics. The utilitarian mindset was fuelled by the overly lenient demands of the emperor, which drew top brass to endeavour to gain titles for their children. The emperor’s attention to functions of emendation and consultancy was declining while the attention to honor attribute was increasing, which resulted in work deserted and tendency from concurrent posts to reward attribute, since the reign of Renzong. After the Reform of Yuanfeng Bureaucratic System, Shenzong abolished Guanzhi, but retained other similar titles which were still used as rewards. During the period of Yuanyou, the court restored several titles of Guanzhi in order to complete the system of Tiezhi, which were used as rewards. However, some bureaucats committed to restoring the old system were not satisfied with the new system and successfully promoted the court to grant permission that bureaucrats with titles could hold their office in Mishusheng. After Zhezong came into power, he cut the number of titles and stopped Tiezhi from holding their office. Huizong established the Tiezhi system of nine class, which ended the old Guanzhi system from the system level. The emperor designed a new system which combined bureaucratic posts and the cultivation system for Mishusheng officials. The original intention of this positioning gave consideration to both key cultivation officials and ordinary officials. Compared with the old Guanzhi system, the attribute of Mishusheng’s bureaucratic posts was more restrictive to their impact on the court affairs.