普通高中复读是一种特殊的教育现象，一直与高考相伴而生。随着高校扩招的推进，复读由个体选择逐渐演变为“高考复读热”的社会现象。出于维护“教育公平”考虑，教育部出台政策“禁止普通公办高中办复读班”，然而，禁办政策并未达到预期目标，对于禁办政策的争议也从未停止过。鉴于此，本研究选取甘肃白银、安徽安庆两地为样本，力图通过问卷调查、访谈、文本分析等研究方法呈现现阶段我国复读生构成、复读班举办现状、各利益主体对复读行为和禁办政策的观点，并对禁办政策中被广泛关注的价值问题做出回应。调研数据显示，尽管教育部禁止公办高中办复读班，然而地方的政策各有不同，复读班以各种形式普遍存在于各个公办高中，相对于公办高中，民办学校和社会办学机构普遍存在生源质量差、发展规模小、师资薄弱、收费高等问题。公办高中是考生复读的首选，民办高中和社会办学机构是部分复读生无奈的选择。复读的原因方面，复读生选择复读的主要原因包括高考成绩未达到原有预期，期望通过二次选择改变现状；父母的期许和要求；家庭经济承受能力有限，无力负担高昂的学费；将复读作为成长的一个阶段等。同时，现行的志愿填报方式缺乏科学性，西部农村教育质量低，农村孩子希望通过复读改变家庭命运，文凭社会与文化传统等都是影响学生选择复读的因素。基本问题的回应方面，本研究认为，在民办高中和社会办学机构发展不成熟的阶段禁止普通公办高中办复读班，会使得高等教育入学机会不公平，导致处境不利人群难以受到公平的对待；在受教育权方面，学生有接受复读教育，选择“普通公办高中”的自由权；在高考制度方面，现行考试制度和招生制度不足以科学评价学生、保护学生的受教育权，从某种角度来说，复读是对高考一考定终身的补充和纠正。综上，本研究认为，目前不应完全禁止公办学校举办复读班，建议教育政策制定者出台中央层面的指导性文件，将权力下放给地方，由各省因地制宜地制定适宜的复读班政策，同时，在制定政策的过程中要将“有差异的公平”和“弱势补偿”原则作为基本的价值伦理，使得国家教育发展成果惠及每一位适龄儿童、每一个处境不利的家庭。

Restudying in Senior middle school is a special education phenomenon，which has been accompanied with the college entrance examination. With the advance of the college enrollment, restudy evolved from individual selections to heat social phenomenon. Considering "education fair", the Ministry of Education made a policy "to prohibit the public senior middle school do restudy classes", however, the policy do not achieve the desired goals. The controversy of the policy has never stopped. In view of this, this study selected Baiyin, Gansu Province, Anqing, Anhui Province as the sample, trying to show the composition of restudy students, the status quo of restudy classes, the views of the various stakeholders in the restudy behavior and forbidden policy, and to answer the widespread concerned questions.The survey data show that restudy classes exists in many public senior middle schools in various forms. Compared with the public senior middle schools, private schools and social education institutions have such problem as students of poor quality, the development of small scale, weak teachers, charging higher. Public senior middle school is the first choice to restudy students.There are four main reasons why restudy students select restudy. Firstly, the college entrance examination score does not meet the original expectations, so students expect changing the status quo through restudying. Secondly, parents' expectations and requirements make students restudy. Family can not afford the high tuition fees. Students look restudy as a stage of growth.The study suggests that "to prohibit the public senior middle school do restudy classes" in immature stage of the development of private high school and social education institutions would cause entrance higher education opportunities unfair ,and the disadvantaged groups is difficult to be treated fairly. Students have the rights to select the "public senior middle school" to restudy. The existing system of examinations and enrollment system is not sufficient scientific to evaluate students and protect students' rights. In some ways, restudy is the supplement and correction to the college entrance examination. In summary, the study suggests that the public senior middle school should not be ban to organize restudy classes. The Ministry of Education is suggested to give the rights to local governments. In the process of policy formulation, we should look "choice fair" and "weak compensation" principle as the basic value of ethics.