随着全球自然灾害的频繁发生，灾后恢复重建工作逐渐引起更多的重视。恢复重建不单是恢复和重建，而是更高水平的建设，故而灾后重建需要立足当前，着眼长远，实现灾区社会经济的可持续发展。要有效整合资源，提高灾区家庭的恢复能力，全面提升灾区恢复水平，首先要了解受灾家庭的恢复能力和需求，明确需要特别关注的群体。本研究以四川省平武县南坝镇为案例研究对象，基于689份有效入户调研问卷，结合由访谈调研和文献调研方式获取的统计资料及背景信息，选取了敏感性、应对能力和适应能力三方面要素指标构建了家庭脆弱性评价指标体系，并建立了量化评估模型，对全部样本进行了家庭脆弱性评价。此外，以家庭经济状况变化、对生活现状及恢复重建的满意度等主观认知变量为指标，通过分组分析的方法，将样本分为场镇和非场镇两部分分别进行深入探讨，识别出恢复重建和城镇化交互作用影响下的特殊脆弱家庭——新增城镇脆弱家庭，以及按地理位置为区分的偏远地区脆弱家庭。最后以家庭脆弱性值为因变量，以造成以上两类特殊脆弱家庭的影响因素为自变量，建立了方差分析模型，对这些因素的显著性水平进行了验证。主要结论如下：1）家庭脆弱性值呈正态分布；2）脆弱家庭在家庭结构、经济收入、社会资本及人力资本几方面均处于明显劣势地位；3）恢复重建中的新增城镇家庭是一类特殊脆弱家庭，特别是户主处于46-55岁间的新增城镇家庭，其脆弱性显著增加主要由于财务资本、社会资本和人力资本较低；4）恢复重建中的偏远地区脆弱家庭是另一类特殊脆弱家庭，其脆弱性显著增加缘于家庭收入结构变化以及经济收入和社会资本存量较低。本研究通过对家庭脆弱性的研究，识别出了恢复重建中的脆弱家庭及因特定因素派生出的两类特殊脆弱家庭。对恢复重建中的家庭脆弱性进行研究，有利于发现灾后恢复重建中需要特别关注的群体及可能引发的社会问题，制定全面且具有针对性的恢复重建政策，更好的完成恢复重建工作，降低社会风险，这对我国乃至其他国家和地区的灾后恢复重建工作具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters all over the world, post-disaster recovery has attracted more and more attention. However, the concept “recovery” mentioned here does not only refer to the restoration to the original condition, but also refers to a higher level of development. We should focus on the present, but more importantly, we need to take a long-term perspective to help the stricken area achieve a sustainable social and economic development. In order to integrate resources effectively and improve the affected families’ recover ability, the most important thing is to clarify their recover ability, requirements, and identify the groups who need special attention.This study took Nanba Town in Pingwu County in Sichuan Province as an example. The analyses were based on 689 valid household questionnaires, combined with the statistical data and background information from the interviews and literature review. We selected a series of indicators, which involved three aspects, namely susceptibility, coping and adaptation, to build a household vulnerability evaluation index system. On this basis, we established a quantitative evaluation model which was used to calculate the household vulnerability value. In addition, we divided the whole samples into center area and villages according to families’ addresses. Considering these two groups separately, we analyzed the variances of household economic change, the level of satisfaction with life status and recovery among the different groups of samples. Thus we identified two types of special vulnerable families. One is the newly urbanized families which were affected by the compound effect of post-disaster recovery and urbanization, the other is the families in isolated areas. Finally, we took the household vulnerability value as the dependent variable, and established an ANOVA model to verify the significance of the factors which lead to these two special vulnerable families.The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the household vulnerability values in Nanba Town are normally distributed with a mean of 0.22 and a standard deviation of 0.114; 2) the vulnerable families are at an significant disadvantage position due to disadvantages in household structure, economic income, social capitals and human capitals; 3) the newly urbanized families in post-disaster recovery procedure were a type of special vulnerable families, especially the families whose householder were between 46-55 years old. And the increase of household vulnerability values mainly attributed to their lower financial capital, social capital and human capital; 4) the families in isolated areas in post-disaster recovery were another type of special vulnerable families, the increase of household vulnerability values due to change of economic income structure, the lower income and social capital stock.This study identified the vulnerable families and two types of special vulnerable families caused by some specific factors through analyzing the household vulnerability. This study focused on the groups which should be paid special attention and the underlying social issues, in order to formulate more effective comprehensive and targeted post-disaster recovery policies. All of these can help the affected families with their recovery work and reduce social risk. We hope the findings in this study can be useful references for China and other regions of the world facing similar situations.