失地农民被迫与长期赖以生存的生产方式相脱离，却又缺乏在新环境下重新就业的技能和素质，单凭数量有限的安置补偿费，很容易陷入生活窘境。因此，拥有一份足以谋生的新职业，才是帮助他们尽快融入新的环境、保持生活信心的最有效手段；同时，这也能从长远上缓解社会压力、增进社会和谐。政府为了公共利益的需要，征收了农民手中的土地，因此理应担负起帮助他们走上新工作岗位的责任。本文所关注的是：政府应如何积极履行政府职能，帮助被征地农民走出“失地又失业”的双重困境。本论文首先以时间为脉络，回顾了建国后、尤其是改革开放以来中国失地农民就业支持政策发展过程中所经历的三个阶段以及每个阶段在就业安置上的典型特征：以农业就地安置为主到从农村到城市的过渡，以及最后向市场化就业的转变。其次以现状为重点，着重分析了当前各级各地政府在统一劳动力市场、加强技能培训、落实补偿安置、建立保障机制、创新就业思路等各方面做出的努力和成绩；同时也总结出当前仍然存在着的三大主要不足：政策滞后、城乡二元标准和农民参与度不高。对于导致这些不足的原因，本文认为，有旧体制的残留影响力，有经济发展水平的约束，也有农民对政策的认识和了解不足。在论文最后，还对国内最具代表性的失地农民就业热点问题分别进行了较为深入的讨论。

The land-expropriated farmers have been peeled off of their previous way of production, but they still lack the skills and quality as an employer in the new environment. All they get as compensation is a sum of money that could only support their living for a few years. So, getting a new job is the best way to help them adapt to the new environment as well as maintain the confidence. And also, it could enhance the social harmony. The state may in the public interest take over land for its use in accordance with the law, so the government should assume the responsibility for helping them get employed again. This thesis is concerned with how government should offer land-expropriated farmers with more facility and assistance, perform government duties and help them to get out of this “landless - employless” difficulty.It reviews the 3 phases during the development of the policies since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and the opening-up, and puts the main emphasis on the achievements in job skill training, inequalities elimination, settlement schemes and social insurance system. The thesis also analyzes the shortcomings of our current work as well as the reasons behind, which might be some reference to the future task. In the final paragraphs, the author also explores on one case – Jiaxing Mode, hoping this could enhance the time effect and value of this thesis.