心身问题具有悠久的历史，自从近代法国哲学家笛卡尔在哲学史上对这个问题进行系统论述以来，这个问题一直困扰着西方哲学家。这个问题主要说的是，假设心与身是两种性质不同的东西，而根据民间心理学的观点，心对身的相互作用是显而易见的，但是作为具有精神性质的心灵如何与具有物理性质的身体产生相互作用，而不违背物理规律呢？为此，人们提出了一系列理论对这个问题进行解答，从而在心灵哲学领域出现了纷争的场面。 约翰•塞尔是美国当代著名语言分析哲学家。在他看来，这些理论中影响比较大的是二元论和唯物主义一元论，但由于这两者共享了传统心身关系的词汇表,无法从根本上解决心身问题。塞尔首先对二元论和唯物论进行了分析和批评，从而为寻找问题解决方法奠定了基础。基于对心灵哲学的历史分析，塞尔主张必须在承认当前科学世界观的前提下来为意识在物质世界中重新定位，他试图用生物自然主义来综合二元论和唯物论，在吸取各自观点中正确部分的同时，扬弃二者的错误，最终找到心身关系的正确解释。生物自然主义包括四个独立的论题，分别强调了意识所具有的实在性、系统整体性、因果还原性和因果功能性四个方面的关键特征，因此这一理论属于意识的哲学世界观，对于我们在科学常识基础上理解心身关系问题具有一定启发意义。然而，这四个论题虽然单独看来是对的，但是作为整体，我们发现依然存在诸多问题。生物自然主义并不是心身问题的完美解决办法，人们还需要继续对这一问题进行不懈研究。

Mind-body problem has a longest-running history. Since the modern French philosopher Descartes had a systematic discussion on it, this problem has puzzled western philosophers at all times. The problem’s main idea is that if mind and body are different in quality, but according to the folk psychology, it’s obvious that mind and body can interact on each other, then how can the mind which has spirit quality interact on the body which has physical quality, and not violate the physical law? Therefore, people advance a series of theories to answer this problem and in the realm of philosophy of mind appears a controversial scene. John• R• Searle is a modern famous language analytic philosopher. In his opinion, he thinks that the Dualism and Materialism has the biggest influence of all theories. However, as both of them share the traditional mind-body relation vocabulary, they can’t solve the problem fundamentally. First, he raise criticisms to the Dualism and Materialism, so it lays foundation for searching solution to the problem. Base on the analysis of the history of philosophy of mind, Searle claims we should be on the premise of admitting scientific world-view that we can find place for consciousness in the material world. He tries to use Biological naturalism synthesize the Dualism and Materialism, extracts their merits and at the same time sublets their defects, and finally get the right answer to the relation of consciousness and brain. Biological naturalism consists of four independent theses, each of them claims four key quality of consciousness: consciousness is real in the real world、 consciousness exists in the brain system、consciousness is causally reducible and consciousness functions causally，so the theory is a kind of philosophy world view about consciousness and has the meaning of enlightenment on the mind-body problem. However, though the four theses are right individually seen, if we study them as a whole, we can discover many problems.Biological naturalism isn’t a perfect solution to mind-body problem and people should continue unremitting research to it.