抑制功能(Inhibition Function)是执行功能的核心，指在认知过程中有意识地对自动的、占主导地位的、优势反应的抑制。近期有研究表明，负性情绪会损害抑制功能的运行效率。现今社会竞争日益加剧，易使个体在日常生活中更频繁地处于负性情绪刺激下，如不能及时缓解负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的影响，会导致个体无法根据环境要求适当地调节和控制自己的行为，甚至会引发抑郁、焦虑等情绪障碍和行为问题，这些问题会严重阻碍个体的身心脑健康发展和社会适应。有研究发现，太极拳作为正念类运动的代表，在改善个体的抑制功能、记忆功能和注意等认知功能，调节焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪方面，具有独特优势，且效果优于健步走、功率自行车等非正念类运动。太极（八法五步）是继24式太极拳之后，国家推出的又一个更简单易学的太极拳套路，解决了以往套路门槛过高，动作结构复杂等现实问题。因此，探讨太极（八法五步）是否是降低负性情绪刺激对抑制功能干扰的有效优选手段，对于缓解负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的影响具有理论意义和实践价值。同时也为太极（八法五步）的推广普及提供科学依据，从而更好地服务“太极拳健康工程”和“健康中国”战略。

本研究以大学生为对象，首先探讨负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的影响，再探讨短时太极（八法五步）对负性情绪刺激下抑制功能的影响及神经机制，在此基础上，又进一步探讨长时太极（八法五步）与健步走对负性情绪刺激下抑制功能影响的差异及神经机制。多角度（短时、长时）、多模态（任务态、静息态）、多层面（反应时、振幅、功率、功能连接）地揭示太极（八法五步）对负性情绪刺激下抑制功能的影响及神经机制，具体包含以下两个研究：

研究一：短时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能的影响及神经机制研究

（一） 负性情绪刺激对大学生抑制功能影响的ERP研究

    以24名大学生为研究对象，采用2（组别：中性组、负性组）×2（刺激：刺激前、刺激后）的混合实验设计，分析不同组别情绪刺激前后抑制功能反应时、振幅的变化差异。结果发现：①在反应时上，负性组比中性组各任务（一致、不一致、抑制冲突）反应时均显著延长；负性组情绪刺激后较刺激前各任务反应时均显著延长，表明负性情绪刺激降低了抑制功能各任务的运行效率。②在振幅上，负性组较中性组在一致、不一致任务上N2、P3振幅均显著减小，表明负性情绪刺激后个体在执行任务时单位时间内募集的神经元数目可能减少。

（二） 短时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能影响的ERP研究

    以负性组12名大学生为研究对象，采用完全被试内实验设计，分析短时运动干预前后负性情绪刺激下抑制功能反应时、振幅、功能连接变化的差异。结果发现：①在反应时上，运动干预后各任务反应时均显著缩短，负性情绪刺激对各任务的干扰值均显著降低，表明短时太极（八法五步）干预降低了负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的干扰。②在振幅上，运动干预后较干预前在一致、不一致任务上N2、P3振幅均显著增大，表明短时太极（八法五步）干预后个体在执行任务时单位时间内募集神经元数目可能增加。③在功能连接上，运动干预后较干预前一致任务C1-F5的功能连接显著增强，表明短时太极（八法五步）干预后左脑中央区和左脑前额叶之间协同工作的能力可能增强或信息传输效率可能提高。

（三） 短时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能影响的EEG研究

以负性组12名大学生为研究对象，采用完全被试内实验设计，分析运动干预前后静息态脑电各频段（δ、θ、α、β）相对功率变化差异，结果发现：运动干预后较干预前δ、θ波相对功率均显著降低，α、β波相对功率均显著增大，表明短时太极（八法五步）干预后可能神经元代谢增强，神经传导速率加快。进一步分析负性情绪刺激对抑制功能干扰变化与各频段相对功率变化的关系发现，运动干预前后δ波相对功率变化值与负性情绪干扰变化值呈正相关，表明短时太极（八法五步）降低负性情绪干扰与慢波δ波相对功率降低有关。

研究二：长时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能的影响及神经机制研究

（一） 长时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能影响的ERP研究

以51名大学生为研究对象，采用3（组别：太极组、健步组、对照组）×2（时间：干预前、干预后）×2（情绪刺激：基线、负性）的混合实验设计，分析不同组别在运动干预前后基线和负性情绪刺激下抑制功能反应时、振幅、功能连接变化的差异。结果发现：①在反应时上，太极组运动干预后各任务反应时均显著缩短，负性情绪刺激对各任务干扰值均显著降低，且显著低于健步组；健步组、对照组均无显著变化。表明长时太极（八法五步）可降低负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的干扰，且效果优于健步走。②在振幅上，太极组运动干预后较干预前一致、不一致任务N2、P3振幅均显著增大，且显著大于健步组；健步组、对照组均无显著变化。表明长时太极（八法五步）干预后个体在负性情绪刺激下执行任务时单位时间内募集神经元数目可能增加，且效果优于健步走。③在功能连接上，太极组一致任务C4-AF3、不一致任务C6-FCz的功能连接显著增强；健步组、对照组无显著变化。表明长时太极（八法五步）干预后右脑中央区和左脑额叶、右脑中央区和额顶叶协同工作的能力可能增强或信息传输效率可能提高。

（二） 长时太极（八法五步）对大学生负性情绪刺激下抑制功能影响的EEG研究

以51名大学生为研究对象，采用3（组别：太极组、健步组、对照组）×2（时间：干预前、干预后）的混合实验设计，分析不同组别干预前后各频段相对功率变化差异，结果发现：太极组运动干预后较干预前，δ、θ波相对功率均显著降低，且显著低于健步组；α、β波相对功率均显著增大，且显著大于健步组；健步组、对照组均无显著变化。表明长时太极（八法五步）干预后可能神经元代谢增强，神经传导速率加快，且效果优于健步组。进一步分析负性情绪刺激对抑制功能干扰变化与各频段相对功率变化的关系发现，运动干预前后δ波相对功率变化值与负性情绪干扰变化值呈正相关，表明长时太极（八法五步）降低负性情绪干扰与慢波δ波相对功率降低有关。

综上得出以下结论：（1）中性情绪刺激对抑制功能无影响；负性情绪刺激对抑制功能有干扰作用，其神经机制是前额叶N2振幅减小，顶枕叶P3振幅减小。（2）短时太极（八法五步）能够降低负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的干扰，其神经机制是前额叶N2振幅增大，顶枕叶P3振幅增大，左脑中央区-左脑额叶功能连接增强，静息态δ波相对功率降低。（3）长时太极（八法五步）能够降低负性情绪刺激对抑制功能的干扰，其神经机制是前额叶N2振幅增大，顶枕叶P3振幅增大，右脑中央区-左脑额叶、右脑中央区-额顶叶的功能连接增强，静息态δ波相对功率降低。（4）太极（八法五步）对降低负性情绪刺激下抑制功能干扰的效果优于健步走，具有独特的项目优势。

Inhibition function (IF) is the core part of Executive Function (EF), and it refers to the conscious suppression of automatic, dominant and prepotent responses in the cognitive process. Recent studies have shown that negative emotion impair the operational efficiency of Inhibitory Function. Nowadays, as the competitive pressure increasing, it makes individuals more frequently under the negative emotional stimulation in the daily life. If the influence of the negative emotion on inhibitory function can’t be alleviated timely, it will make the individual out control of their behavior appropriately according to the environmental requirements, and even causing emotional disorder such as depression, anxiety and behavioral problems. These problems can seriously affect the healthy development of, physical, mental and brain of individual.

Some studies have found that Taijiquan can improve the individual's memory function (MF), EF, attention and other cognitive function, and reduce the interference of anxiety, depression and other negative emotions. Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is another scientific, standardized and simplified routine, which solves the practical problems such as high threshold and complex movement structure of previous routines. So, there is theoretical significance and practical value on alleviating the influence of negative emotional stimulation on Inhibitory Function to explore whether Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is an effective optimization method to reduce negative emotional interference and improve inhibitory function. Meanwhile, it also provides scientific basis for the popularization of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu), and so as to better serve the "Tai Chi Health Project" and the "Healthy China" strategy.

This study firstly verifies the interference of negative emotional stimulation on inhibitory function. Then, it discusses whether acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is an effective approach to reduce negative emotional interference and to improve IF. On this basis, the long-term exercise intervention was carried out to explore whether Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is the Optimization means to reduce the negative emotional interference and to improve the IF compared with the Brisk Walking (BW), a kind of non-mindfulness exercises. This study was performed at multiple levels (acute, long term), multiple modes (ERP, EEG) and multiple perspectives (Reaction Time, Amplitude, Functional Connectivity) to reveal the influences of Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on the IF under negative emotional stimulation. Including the following two categories:

Study 1: The Effects of Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on the IF under negative emotional stimulation in college students and its neural mechanism

Part One  The Effect of Negative emotional stimulation on IF: an ERP study 

    With 24 college students as participants, the mixed experimental design of 2 (Emotional Stimulation: Neutral, Negative) ×2 (: before and after stimulation) was adopted. Aiming to reveal the differences of the effect of IF under different emotional stimulation and the neural mechanism. Results：①Negative Emotion Group (NEG): After negative emotional stimulation, reaction time of congruent, incongruent and inhibition of conflict were found to be significantly prolonged. Neural Emotion Group (NEU): No significant difference was found. ②The amplitudes of N2 and P3 in NEG were significantly lower than NEU.

Part Two The Effect of Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on IF under negative emotional stimulation in college students: an ERP study

With within-subject experimental design, Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) intervention was carried out between 12 college students in the NEG group, aiming to reveal the influence of Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on IF under negative emotional stimulation and the underlying neural mechanism. Results: ①After intervention, participants showed significant improved performance in Flanker task. ②After intervention, the amplitudes of N2, P3 induced by congruent and incongruent tasks were significantly higher than before. ③The Function connectivity of C1-F5 were significantly enhanced after Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) intervention.

Part Three The Effect of Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on IF under Negative emotional stimulation: an EEG study

With within-subject experimental design Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) intervention was carried out between 12 college students in NEG group, aiming to reveal the variation of relative power of resting-EEG in each frequency band (δ、θ、α、β) after Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) intervention. Results: The relative power of δ and θ was significantly reduced and the relative power of α and β was significantly increased after intervention. Then further analysis of the relationship between the change of relative power of each frequency band and the change of negative emotional stimulation on the interference of IF results that Correlation analysis found that the change of the δ relative power was positively correlated with the change of the negative emotional disturbance before and after the exercise intervention.

Study 2: The Effects of Long-term Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on the IF under negative emotional stimulation in college students and its neural mechanism

Part One The Effects of long-term Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on IF under negative emotional stimulation in college students: an ERP study

 With 51 college students as participants, a mixed experimental design of 3 (Group: TC, BW, Control) ×2 (Time: pre-test, post-test) ×2 (Emotional Stimulation: Baseline, Negative) was adopted. Results: ①After intervention, the reaction time of each task in TC group  was significantly shorter than before. There was no significant difference in the BW and Control group before and after intervention. The Reaction time of TC group was significantly shorter than the BW and Control group. ②After long-term intervention, the amplitude of N2, P3 induced by congruent and incongruent tasks were significantly higher than before in TC group. There was no significant difference in BW and control group. The amplitudes of N2 and P3 in TC group were significantly greater than those in BW and Control group. ③The Function Connectivity between C4-AF3 and C6-FCz were significantly enhanced in TC group. There was no significant difference in the BW and Control Group.

Part Two The Effects of long-term Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) on IF under negative emotional stimulation in college students: an EEG study

With 51 college students as participants, a mixed experimental design of 3 (Group: TC, BW, Control) ×2 (Time: pretest, posttest) was adopted. Results: TC group: The relative power of δ and θ were significantly reduced after intervention, and they were significantly lower than that of the BW and control group. the relative power of α and β were significantly increased after intervention, and there were significantly higher than that of the BW and control group. The further analysis of the relationship between the change of relative power of each frequency band and the change of negative emotional stimulation on the interference of IF results that there is a positive relationship between the change value of relative power of δ and the change value of negative emotional disturbance.

Conclusions: (1) The negative emotional stimulation has a disturbing effect on the Inhibitory Function (IF), the neural mechanism is that the N2 amplitude of the frontal lobe decreases, and the P3 amplitude of the parietal lobe decreases. (2) Acute Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) can effectively reduce the interference of negative emotions on the IF. The neural mechanism is that the amplitudes of N2 and P3 were increased, the Function Connectivity of left central region -left frontal lobe was enhanced, and the relative power of δ of EEG decreases. (3) Long-term Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) has a positive effect on the IF under negative emotional stimulation, and the neural mechanism is the amplitudes of N2 and P3 were increased, the Function Connectivity of right central region -right frontal lobe、right central region-frontal central region was enhanced, and the relative power of δ of EEG decreases. (4) Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) has a unique project advantage over the BW in reducing the interference of IF under negative emotional stimulation.