随着数字化社会的逐步发展，基于智能化设备的数字界面成为了人们日常生活中最主要的人机交互方式。在当今这个人际交流、交易支付、日常工作都可以实现在线化的年代，如何有效地减少用户在数字化交互过程中的认知负荷问题亟待解决。图标作为人机界面中重要的交互操作工具，不仅起着视觉审美优化的作用，还能降低界面中的信息呈现密度和用户操作难度。一直以来，无论是研究者还是界面视觉设计师，都是以视觉整体协调性为基础，对界面元素大小、色彩以及布局等进行探索分析和设计。

本研究从视觉搜索的角度出发，探究图标数量和图标认知复杂度（图标具体性、图标熟悉性和有无图标语义）对图标搜索表现的影响。研究一探究了不同图标数量情况下图标具体性和有无语义对于被试搜索表现的影响。研究二探究了图标认知复杂度中另一属性熟悉性和有无语义在不同数量图标情况下被试的搜索表现。研究三结合用户体验理论知识和实验结果，从图标数量和图标复杂度入手，利用图标数量匹配合理的图标属性，提出后续图标设计的相关优化建议和策略，并选取银行类移动应用软件的部分图标进行设计优化，验证其有效性。实验结果表明图标数量增多会显著增加被试图标搜索的反应时；图标越具体，熟悉度越高，被试的图标搜索表现就更好。

综合实验结论可以得出，图标数量和图标认知复杂度确实能够影响交互界面图标的搜索表现，设计师在进行应用软件图标设计过程中，可以充分考虑图标的数量和图标复杂度属性，通过图标数量匹配合理的具体性和熟悉性，提升用户的搜索表现。

With the gradual development of digital society, digital interface based on intelligent devices has become the most important human-computer interaction method in people's daily life. In this era when interpersonal communication, transaction payment and daily work can be realized online. As an important interactive tool in the human-computer interface, icons not only play a role in visual aesthetic optimization, but also reduce the density of information presentation and the difficulty of user operation in the interface. All along, both researchers and interface visual designers have been exploring the analysis and design of interface element size, color and layout based on the overall visual coordination.

This study explores the impact of the number of icons and icon cognitive complexity attributes (icon specificity, icon familiarity, and the presence or absence of icon semantics) on icon search performance from the perspective of visual search. Study 1 investigates the effects of icon specificity and semantic presence on user search performance for different number of icons. Study 2 investigated the effects of familiarity and semantic presence of icons, another attribute of icon cognitive complexity, on the search performance of subjects with different number of icons. Combining the knowledge of user experience theory and experimental results, Study 3 proposes practical suggestions for icon design by matching reasonable icon attributes with the number of icons and the complexity of icons, and selects some banking application icons for design optimization and verifies their effectiveness. The experimental results show that increasing the number of icons significantly increases the response time of subjects trying to search for icons; the more specific and familiar the icons are, the better the subjects' icon search performance is.

The comprehensive experimental results can be concluded that the number of icons and icon cognitive complexity can indeed affect the search performance of interactive interface icons, and designers can fully consider the number of icons and icon complexity attributes in the process of application software icon design, and improve users' search performance by matching the number of icons with reasonable specificity and familiarity.