1996年至2006年的十年，北京周边的乡村受益于国家一系列的“村村通”工程完成了基础设施的建设，从此，迈入了“新农村建设”的新阶段。近几年北京相继出现人口拥挤、空气污染、交通拥堵诸多“城市病”，市民的生态需求日益增长，于是催生了“周末经济”和“乡村旅游”的爆发。京郊乡村巨大的“访问量”带来农民收入的迅速增加，在旅游业的带动和相关乡村政策的鼓励下，少数交通区位便利，周边旅游资源丰富的村庄不仅配套了完善的生活设施，还组建了经济合作社，将自家的平房改造成二层小楼房，甚至购入小汽车来往接送客人。村庄的整体面貌因为各家各户积极的改造变得崭新而充满活力，一些具有厨艺、手工艺特长，热情好客的村民在这个过程中找到了对生活新的憧憬和希望，村里的土地也应绿色蔬菜瓜果的需求重新发挥起作用。旅游业所带来的村庄面貌提升、村民收入稳定提高的局面迅速带动了更大范围乡村和农民的尝试，郊区县的乡村普遍投入了以乡村旅游产业为目标的新农村建设之中，但是由于农民对旅游服务业知之甚少，盲目的互相模仿导致了以爨底下为代表的村庄历史文化资源的破坏危机，以马栏村为代表的低端改造的投入和浪费，以北沟村为代表的发展思路的单一和局限等等发展问题。这些现象的背后除了农民自身知识水平的限制，更加反映出乡村建设的指导者对农民知识程度、发展需求和参与程度的重视不足。通过对北京生态涵养区部分村庄的调研和分析，我们能够清楚的认识到政府在建设中总体把控和规划的引导作用，企业在建设中多元化发展思路的拓展作用，和规划师、设计师以及其他专业人员在建设中的指导作用。通过与韩国“新村运动”的比较，农民作为建设主体的作用逐渐显现，北京新农村建设遇到的种种突出问题也找到了突破点：即农民对政策和目标的接受和理解程度决定了建设的质量，农民对设施项目的需求程度决定了合理的发展速度，农民在建设中参与程度的高低一定程度上决定着建设成本的大小。现阶段，新农村建设亟待解决的问题是要唤醒农民的智慧、创造性和主动性，让农民积极参与到新农村建设中来，促进农村更加健康、和谐、可持续的发展。

The villages surround the city of Beijing had completed the infrastructure construction between 1996 and 2006 under the national plan of “village projects”, and entered a new era of urban and rural development—“The construction of new socialist countryside”. Beijing has suffered from overcrowding, air pollution, traffic congestion and many other "urban disease" along with its rapid development. The growing needs from the city dwellers for leisure in natural landscapes gives the birth of the "Weekend economy" and "Rural tourism" in Beijing suburbs. A large number of tourists came into the villages, consumed sceneries and enjoyed fresh air that has rapidly increased the farmer' income. Attracted by benefits and encouraged by the government policies, increasing number of villages and villagers chose rural tourism as their goal of the construction of new countryside. They improved the infrastructure to facilitate the countryside tourism, some even organize corporations, purchased cars for carrying guests. Many villages quickly changed their faces, and many villagers with certain skills find their hopes of bright future. However, the early success in developing tourism as the main way in countryside renovation/reconstruction attracted many to follow no matter if they have the potential resources and knowledges or not. As a consequence, they blindly following the trend caused numerous problems, such as destruction of historical relics and cultural resources in CuanDiXia village, the waste of investment in low end of construction in MaLan village, the restriction by the narrow minded developmental ideas in BeiGou village, and the failure to produce tourism planning opportunity in YanXi Valley. One reason behind those problems is the ignorance of their real needs, plus less education and initiative participation of the farmers. Based on the research and analysis of the villages in Beijing ecological conservation development zone, I clearly identify the roles of government, enterprises and professionals in the construction of new countryside: government should be in charge of producing overall planning and as a leader, while enterprises should provide a wide range of ideas, and professionals lead technical guidance. The roles of the farmers in the new countryside construction were compared between “Saemaul Undong” in the Republic of Korea and “The construction of new socialist countryside” in China. I conclude through the comparison that the quality of the construction should be determined by the extent of farmers’ understanding to the policies. Farmers’ demands of their living needs and production determines the appropriate speed of the construction. Their initial participation is always cutting down the cost. At present stage, it is critical to understand that farmers are the core of countryside development. A successful healthy, harmonious and sustainable countryside development lays on waking-up their wisdom, respect their creativity and initiative personality.