自里根政府和撒切尔政府推行的改革以来，新自由主义逐渐成为当今世界最有影响力的政治经济理论。其发挥市场调控、反对政府干预、资本自由化、自生自发秩序的理念在最近几十年中得到了广泛的认同，甚至已经成为常识。学界在探讨新自由主义思想的来源时，多归功于哈耶克、弗里德曼等经济学家。不过，不可忽视的是新自由主义在一定程度上也借用了二十世纪下半叶新兴起的一些科学领域的理论，如混沌、非线性动力学、自组织现象和非平衡态复杂系统等。自组织现象中出现的自生自发秩序和复杂系统无法预测和无法控制的图景与新自由主义一拍即合。作为复杂系统的两个代表，生物学家和经济学家建立了共识：不管是经济现象还是生物演化都是在远离平衡态或混沌边缘表现得最好；而且不需要外部调控，复杂系统具有自组织的能力；以及复杂性的演化不仅没有本质上的限制，周期性的危机还可以帮助提高复杂性，而计划和中央控制是注定失败的，这便是经济的生命力。得到了科学界的支持也是新自由主义能得以流行的一个重要原因。 新自由主义对科学也是投桃报李。在美国，面临传统工业衰落、经济增长乏力困境的新自由主义者们针对性提出知识经济和创新经济：一些科技领域被认为具有丰厚的经济潜力，可以取代无可奈何花落去的“夕阳工业”作为新的经济增长点，因此得到了新自由主义政府的大力支持，其中最为突出的是生物技术和数字信息技术。于是政府采取了包括投资倾斜、修改专利法和设立鼓励新技术创业公司的股票市场纳斯达克等一系列举措帮助实现新技术的经济潜力。在科技成果层出不穷的同时，新自由主义的商品化和市场化也随之渗透到了科学研究中，使得商业利益在相当程度上绑架了科学。 由于这种新科学与新自由主义意识形态的相互影响，那么这种思想潮流不仅渗透到日常生活中，在当今的不少科幻小说中也会体现的更为明显。本文力图揭示当代科幻小说中体现出的新自由主义意识形态观念。其中包括反乌托邦小说中对中央控制不可能性的强调，不仅包括故事题材直接使用相关理论，也体现在叙事形式上采用了复杂的多线叙事和限制性视角、对失控的预叙和铺垫，并提出了一种失控的基本叙事模式。以及灾难或末日小说中对创造性危机和相应的个人自发调适的希望经济的展示。最后，通过在《发条女孩》、《侏罗纪公园》和《喀迈拉的世界》等作品中体现的新自由主义宏观和微观政治实践，并与新自由主义在美国和第三世界国家的现实比较，分别分析了新自由主义改革是如何损害了公共和个人利益，以及新自由主义化的政府又是如何悖论性地成为集权政府的。

After the reform of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, neoliberalism has become the most influential politics and economics theory in the contemporary world. The ideas of market regulation, opposition to government intervention, capital liberalization, spontaneous order, and so on, have been recognized universally and become the common sense over the recent decades. The scholars usually attribute the origin of neoliberalism thought to economics such as Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedmann. However, we should also notice that, the neoliberalism theory also uses ideas form new burgeoning science field in the 20th century, for example, the chaos, non-linear dynamics, self-organizing phenomenon and non-equilibrium complex system. The spontaneous order in self-organizing phenomenon and the unpredictability and out-of-control in the complex system fit in readily with the neoliberalism. The economics and life are two important composition of complex system. Therefore, biologist and economics reach a consensus that complex systems evolve best in far-from-equilibrium conditions or at the edge of chaos; moreover, such systems evolve most productively when they are free from external regulation—complex systems in other words prefer to self-organize; and finally, although an individual complex system eventually exhausts its possibilities of further differentiation, there is no essential limit to the evolution of complexity per se. In nature as in economics the law of complexity is one of increasing returns punctuated by periodic moments of crisis, the plan and central control is destined to failure. This is the vitality of capital, which analyzed in this article. The support of new science is another important reason of the prevailing of neoliberalism. The science supported neoliberalism give a plum in return for a peach. In America, facing the difficulty of traditional industry decline and the low economic growth, the neoliberalists prescribed the innovation economics and knowledge economics targetedly: some science and technology fields were thought to have great economic potential and replace the fading sunset industry to become new economic growth engine and gained the support from neoliberalism government, mostly the biotechnology and the digital and information technology. The government inclined more investments, amended the patent law, and set up NASDAQ which encouraged the high-tech start-ups to realize the economic potential of new technology. With more and more technology achievements acquired, business interests abducted science substantially. Because of the interaction of new science and neoliberalism ideology, the science fictions embody the neoliberalism ideas more obviously. This is the theme of this article. First is the emphasize to impossibility of central control in dystopian fictions. Except the direct use of relevant theory in the story, the use of complex multi-character narrative structure with restriction narrative perspective and prolepsis of out-of-control are also important means to strengthen the opposition to central control. I also summarized a out-of-control narrative mode. Another respect is the presentation of creative destruction and the individual spontaneous adjustment of promissory economics in the disaster-motif fiction. At last, I compared the micro and macro politics in the Windup Girls, Jurassic Park and Next with the neoliberalism politics reality in America and the third world countries, and analyzed how the reform of neoliberalism harmed the public and individual interests and how neoliberalism government turned to be a totalitarianism government paradoxically.