中文摘要药品价格高、涨价快已是成为患者治疗费用负担过重的主要原因之一。当前的药品价格虚高主要表现为同一药品价格有别，同种疗效药品价格悬殊，同种药品不同厂家、不同剂型价格悬殊，药品市场的价格背离等典型问题。药品生产领域的成本和利润、流通领域的成本和利润、医疗机构的成本和利润是药品价格的决定因素。分析这些因素，本文认为，药品生产的无序竞争、医疗机构和流通领域的利益关系、药品费用的第三方支付、药品定价方法不合理、药品价格监管不力是造成药价虚高的主要原因。从国际经验看，政府普遍控制药品价格、价格干预的对象主要是处方药品、价格监管主要集中在药品批零差价、药品价格监管组织体系相对完备、药品定价与医疗保险制度相关、对专利药和仿制药实行差别政策是各国政府成功监管药品价格的主要做法。在分析上海、广东、宁夏药品价格监管的实践的基础上，本文认为，从推进医药分业改革、加强政府定价的科学性、强化药品及药品价格监管、完善医疗保险制度、规范医药市场竞争环境五个方面着手遏制药品价格虚高。关键词：药品价格监管；药品价格虚高；药品定价

AbstractHigh and fast-increasing price of medicine taken place over the past years becomes one of causes resulting in heavy medical over-expense burden for patients. The typical phenomenon of present virtual price is represented as: different prices for one medicine, a huge price difference for those medicines with same healing efficacy, a big price gap for one medicine made in different companies and different quantity of doses and the derivation of market-oriented price. Costs and profits of a product in the domain of production, circulation and medical organization are the determining factors on medicine price. On the basis of this analysis, the author points out disorder competition of producing medicine, profit conflict between medical organization and circulation domain, payment by third party, unreasonable price-setting, default of inspection on medicine price are the reasons resulting in the phenomenon of medicine virtual high price.From worldwide point of view, all governments will generally control price-setting and prescription medicines are the object to be intervened. However, price inspection is mainly based on retailing price difference. Well-developed inspection system of medicine price, interrelated system between price-setting and medical insurance, different policy-making for patent and duplicate medicines are the best measures employed by many countries to successfully supervise the medicine price.On the basis of analysis of actual practice of supervision of medicine price in Shanghai, Guangdong and Ningxia, the paper points out that taking further steps of reform on departing medicine from diagnosis, enhancing rational and reasonable price policy, strengthening supervision on medicine and medicine price, improving medical insurance, standardizing competitive environment of medicine market are five chief aspects where government should take actions to controlling the medicine prices.Key words: Supervision on medicine price；Virtually High Price； Price-setting