本文针对泾河流域典型侵蚀区的关键生态学问题，以侵蚀区的沟谷系统为研究对象，利用1979年和1993年两期航片和地形图数据，采用数字影像测量方法生成数字正射影像图(Digital orthophoto map,DOM)和数字高程模型（ Digital elevation models,DEM），以地理信息系统为手段，从四个空间尺度上研究沟谷侵蚀的分布及其差异。利用气象站点数据、土壤数据、及野外调查等资料建立了泾河流域地表属性信息空间数据库，并在不同尺度上分析沟谷侵蚀空间差异的关键驱动因子，预测沟谷侵蚀风险的空间格局，从而为沟谷侵蚀的动态提供基础数据和研究方法，同时也为泾河流域的沟谷水土保持提供了科学依据和理论参考。遥感和地理信息系统在沟谷监测和沟谷侵蚀率计算中具有很大潜力，航片由于精度高、可生成立体相对，对沟谷监测和计算很有价值。由于航片的分辨率限制监测的精度，利用立体相对测量获得DEM的误差可通过控制点进行系统误差校正。通过提取沟沿线对沟谷的面积及沟沿线长度进行分析，沟沿线长度的变化与沟谷面积的变化并不一致，主要是侵蚀的方式不同引起的。对沟谷进行分段可以明显的监测出沟谷变化的沟内空间差异。沟谷密度大的流域的沟谷密度增加较慢，甚至有减小趋势。黄土残塬沟壑区与黄土丘陵沟壑区之间的同级沟谷侵蚀率差异不显著，而在黄土残塬沟谷区内部沟谷间侵蚀率差异极显著，黄土丘陵沟壑区内部沟谷间侵蚀率差异显著。同一沟谷的不同截面和同一截面的不同坡位上，侵蚀率的差异也比较大。影响黄土残塬沟壑区内沟谷侵蚀空间差异的关键因子为坡度、土壤可蚀性、坡向。影响黄土丘陵沟壑区沟谷侵蚀空间差异的关键因子为集水区面积、土壤可蚀性和降水量。在同一沟谷的不同截面上，坡度是影响侵蚀差异的关键因子，在同一截面的不同坡位上，坡度和坡向是引起差异的关键因子，但植被与坡度坡向的交互作用也不容忽视。

Gully erosion has been a critical environmental issue in the broken plateau and rolling hills regions of the Loess Plateau in northern China. Digital elevation models (DEM) and Digital orthophoto map (DOM) were constructed from sequential stereo pairs of the digital aerial photographs in 1979 and 1993, as well as topographic maps. The DEM and DOM were used to examine the geomorphic changes that usually caused gully erosion and to analyze the spatial differences among the changes at four spatial scales during the period from 1979 to 1993. The vegetation, precipitation, soil and topographic features data were selected to study the key influence factors on the pattern of the gully erosion and to simulate the erosion risk pattern after 1993.Remote sensing and Geographic Information System have played an important role in monitoring gully erision and its qualification. Aerial photography is a valuable tool because it’s high spatial resolution and stereoscopic vision avaliable. The success of the method used in this study is highly dependent on the quality of the input imagery and the quality of the image pre-processing. The accuracy of difference images taken from sequential DEMs can be verified by checking stable “control sequential” for system errors, and correction if the system errors goes beyond tolerance level.The gully area and the gully edge length were calculated with numerous guuly maps. The changes of the area and edge length of the gullies were not accordant. The spatial difference of the area changes inside the gully were monitored effectively through subsection and cross-section research. The results showed that the valley with higher gully density increased more slowly.The erosion rate difference of the similar gullies between the broken plateau and the rolling hills regions were not significant. While the erosion rates of the gullies within each region were significant different. The erosion rates in the different subsection of the same gully and the different slope position of the same cross-sect are different.The principal influence factors of the gully erosion difference in the loess broken plateau region were the slope gradient, soil erosional features and aspect, While in the rolling hills region, the valley area, soil erosional features and precipitation were the principal influence factors. Slope gradient played principal important role in the erosion difference in the subsections of a gully. The slope and aspect were the key factors influencing the erosion difference of the position in the same cross-sect, but the co-influence with the vegetation shouldn't be neglected.