类比迁移是搜索已经解决的相似问题，并利用解决方法来解决新情景中问题的策略，它是人类学习知识和解决问题的主要策略和方法。对于类比迁移的研究同时体现了思维的结构敏感性和灵活性，对揭示思维的本质和结构有重要的贡献。类比迁移中涉及的编码、记忆和关系操纵等能力在老化研究中都得到了衰退的结果，但是现有的研究多数集中于年轻人和儿童，对于类比迁移的整体老化概况并未涉猎。本研究旨在从实验室研究出发，以迁移成绩为指标，考察老年人类比迁移是否衰退、在迁移的哪个阶段衰退。 本研究针对目前达成共识的迁移三阶段设计了3个实验，考察老化对类比迁移各阶段的影响，以及与不同类型信息的交互作用。 研究1从被试库中招募70名老年人，66名在校大学生，考察迁移的编码阶段的老化。实验采用2（年龄组：老年人/年轻人）×3（编码深度：深/中/低）两因素完全被试间设计。实验要求被试在某一编码深度下学习2个源问题后，写出结构相似的靶问题解决方案、复述源问题并概括出写出解决方案的规律。实验结果表明，老年人类比迁移的编码阶段出现老化，对于表面信息的编码不影响最终迁移成绩，迁移老化主要是由于老年人编码结构信息困难引起的。 研究2从被试库中招募32名老年人，29名在校大学生，考察迁移的检索阶段的老化。实验采用2（年龄组：老年人/年轻人）×2（表面信息重叠水平：高/低）×2（结构信息重叠水平：高/低）三因素混合设计，其中年龄组为被试间变量，两个信息重叠水平为被试内变量。使两个年龄组被试在编码阶段处于相同水平，要求被试学习若干源问题并在延迟3天的后测中，完成对结构类似靶问题的补充并复述出目标靶问题所对应的源问题。实验结果显示老年人类比迁移检索阶段的老化，老年人比年轻人更依赖于表面信息的重叠进行检索。无论哪种信息，重叠水平越高越有利于检索，并且表面信息重叠能激发对结构信息的检索，两个年龄组具有一致性。 研究3从被试库中招募36名老年人，37名在校大学生，考察迁移的映射阶段的老化。实验采用2（年龄组：老年人/年轻人）×2（映射难度：给出需要对应的词语、难度低/不给出词语、难度高）两因素完全被试间设计。使两个年龄组被试在编码和检索阶段处于相同水平，要求被试根据源问题将靶问题补充完整。另外，映射难度低的实验组根据给出的源问题中的词语，找出靶问题中与之对应的词语；映射难度高的实验组让其根据故事规律，自行写出关键的词语对。实验结果表明老年人类比迁移的映射阶段出现老化，且随着映射难度加大，年轻人和老年人都更少的映射结构信息。综上所述，本研究的结论是：1 类比迁移呈现各阶段的全面老化。2 图式归纳是保留型的和控制性的。3 在编码阶段，结构信息更为重要；检索和映射阶段可以再细分出子阶段，分别受不同水平信息的影响。

Analogical transfer is a strategy that you need to search similar solved problems then solve new problems. human use it widely in problem solving and learning new knowledge. Research on analogical transfer reflects the structure sensitivity and flexibility of humans’ thinking, and does important contribution to revealing the nature and structure of thinking. Analogical transfer involves coding, memory and the manipulation of relationship, and these abilities showed declined results in many aging researches. However the majority of analogical transfer studies concentrated on young people and children, the overall aging of analogical transfer is not covered. The current study use laboratory studies and regard task performance as transfer index to explore whether analogical transfer is aging, if so , which stage of analogical transfer is aging.There are 3 experiments designed for each stage of analogical transfer in this study to investigate the role of aging and interaction between the two kind of similarities and aging.Study 1 recruited 70 elderly people and 66 undergraduate students, assessing whether the stage of encoding is aging, The experiment design was a 2 (age group: old/young)* 3 (coding depth: deep/medium/low) completely between-subjects design. The subjects were asked to write the solution of the target problem after reading two source problems which shared the same schema. Then repeated one of the source problems and concluded the rule of solution among there problems. The results showed aging of encoding both in surface and structure information. The encoding of surface information didn’t affect the final transfer performance, so the aging of transfer was mainly caused by the aging of structure information encoding.In Study 2, 32 elderly people and 29 undergraduate students were recruited to investigate the aging effect to retrieval. The experiment design was a 2 (age group: old/young)* 2 (surface overlap: high/low)* 2 (structure overlap: high/low) mixed design with age group as the between-subject factor, surface and structure overlap as the within-subject factors. Controlling the two age groups in the same coding depth (deep), after 3 days delayed, the subjects was instructed to complete the target problems which share the same structure information with source problems and repeated the source problems. The results showed significant decline of retrieval and the elderly depended more on surface information than the young adults in retrieval. Both high overlap of surface and structure could improve retrieval, expecially the high overlap of surface could improve the retrieval of structure, two age groups had the same pattern.The sample of Study 3 consisted of 36 elderly people and 37 undergraduate students. To investigate the aging of mapping, The experiment design was a 2 (age group: old/young)* 3 (mapping difficulty: difficult/easy) completely between-subjects design. Controlling the two age groups in the same coding depth (deep) and same retrieval difficulty (no delay), the subjects were required complete the target problems according to the source problems. In addition, the easy group was given 6 key words from each source problems and instructed to find out the mapping words in target problems; the difficult group was required write down the mapping word pairs independently. The results showed that aging did significant effect on mapping, and with the increasing of mapping difficulty two age groups both mapped less structure information.To sum up, the conclusions of this study are:1.Analogical transfer presents comprehensive aging. 2.Schema induction is retained and controlled. 3.Structure information is more important in coding stage; retrieval and mapping stages can be subdivided into substages, respectively, affected by different levels of information. KEY WORDS: analogical transfer, aging, encoding, retrieval, mapping, surface information, structure information, similarities