随着社会发展进程的深入推进，为适应新时代的发展需要，社会主要矛盾也随之改变，物质生活实现富足已经无法满足居民对于美好生活的需求，高质量的精神生活同样是人们所向往的目标。提高民生福祉是国家的重要发展目标，近年来幸福感“中年危机”成为国内外学界和社会热点关注的话题。文章通过梳理国内外现有研究进展，采用中国家庭追踪数据（CFPS）2010-2018年面板问卷数据，选取生活满意度、主观幸福程度、不快乐情绪依次作为幸福感衡量指标，即被解释变量，年龄为核心解释变量。首先考虑探究幸福感与年龄之间U形关系的截面回归证据，随后建立多项式回归模型验证，对幸福感低谷的年龄进行探究；其次考虑在加入社会经济、人口特征等控制变量后对年龄与幸福感之间的关系展开更全面系统地研究，分别构建年龄组与年龄虚拟变量的回归模型，探讨幸福感在不同年龄段的表现，并通过图表进一步验证中年时期“幸福感危机”的存在。随后，通过对收入水平、性别、婚姻以及城乡户口等因素进行了异质性分析，研究在不同因素的影响下幸福感与年龄之间的U形关系是否存在群组之间的差异以及差异表现。最后文章基于实证结果得出研究结论，并提出如何提升我国居民幸福感的对策建议。
实证研究发现：（1）基于不同的衡量指标，以个体生命周期的幸福感变化为数据基础，无论是否添加控制变量，各个面板模型的回归结果都证实了幸福感随着年龄的增长表现为先降低后增长的变化趋势，中国居民的幸福感“中年危机”大多处于39-42岁之间。（2）异质性分析结果显示不同年龄阶段的幸福感存在明显的社会或地域属性的分异性，中低层收入群体、已婚女性、身处城市的农户人群或在经历着更为深层次的中年幸福感低谷，此外有无房产和工作等因素对于U形关系的影响程度也存在一定差异。
根据以上结论，文章尝试找到破解“中年危机”、提升居民主观幸福感的有效路径：（1）深化收入分配制度改革，保障扶持中低收入群体。（2）推动和谐婚姻关系构建，保障婚姻家庭稳定幸福。（3）增加民生建设投入，持续增进民生福祉。（4）着重关注中年人的心理健康，促进实现幸福感的自我建构。

With the deepening of the process of social development, in order to meet the needs of the development of the new era, the main contradiction of society has also changed. The realization of rich material life is no longer able to meet the needs of residents for a better life, and a high-quality spiritual life is also the goal that people yearn for. Improving people's well-being is an important development goal of the country. In recent years, the "midlife crisis" of happiness has become a hot topic of academic and social attention at home and abroad. Therefore, by combing the existing research progress at home and abroad, this paper adopts the questionnaire data of China Household Tracking Data (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018. Life satisfaction, subjective happiness and unhappiness were selected as the indicators of happiness, namely explained variables, with age as the core explanatory variable. First, consider the cross sectional regression evidence that verifies the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age, and then establish a polynomial regression model to verify the age at the bottom of happiness. Secondly, a more comprehensive and systematic study was conducted on the relationship between age and happiness after the addition of control variables such as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Regression models of age groups and age dummy variables were constructed respectively to explore the performance of happiness in different age groups, and the existence of "happiness crisis" in middle age was further verified by graphs. Subsequently, through the heterogeneity analysis of factors such as income level, gender, marriage and urban and rural household registration, the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age is studied under the influence of different factors, whether there are differences between groups and what differences exist. Finally, based on the empirical results, the paper draws research conclusions and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on how to improve the happiness of Chinese residents.
The empirical analysis found that: (1) Based on different indicators, whether control variables were added or not, the regression results of multiple models all confirmed that happiness showed a change trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the growth of age, and the "midlife crisis" of happiness of Chinese residents was mostly between 39 and 42 years old. (2) Heterogeneity analysis results show that happiness of different age groups has obvious social or regional attributes of differentiation, middle and low income groups, married women, farmers living in cities or experiencing deeper happiness trough in middle age, in addition, there is a certain difference in the degree of influence of housing and work factors on the U-shaped relationship.
According to the above conclusions, this paper tries to find an effective way to crack the "midlife crisis" and improve residents' subjective well-being: (1) Deepen the reform of the income distribution system and guarantee and support the middle and low income groups. (2) Promote the construction of harmonious marriage relations and ensure the stability and happiness of marriage and family. (3)  Increase spending on improving people's wellbeing. (4) Focus on the mental health of middle-aged people and promote the realization of self-construction of happiness.