流动摊贩从古代的街市景象中能够延续至今，甚至在我国早期经济中承担着重要意义，也是城市化发展历程中具有符号化的一类现象，可以说他们的存在具有历史必然性。在以追赶发达国家为主导的发展策略下，流动摊贩的存在与整洁有序的城市要求相冲突，在社会和谐稳定的政策基调下，流动摊贩只能扬长避短地进行处理。为解决流动摊贩引发的各类城市问题，政策执行者使出浑身解数，力图破解这一难题。但在治理实践中，来自底层的反抗，上级领导的强压，群众的不支持，都让管理者倍感头痛。N市因城镇化率不高、经济欠发达、缺乏优质资源，迫于应对各类市民投诉或突击式检查，在中央政策指引下，政府结合当地情况，开展了以特色街区、临时疏导区、便民服务点为主的三种实验性治理类型，意图通过减少执法人员与摊贩之间的尖锐冲突，完成社会和谐与市容整洁有序的治理目标，但最终实践发现治理类型并未取得预期政策效果。

本文着重对N市治理流动摊贩三种类型进行梳理，发现三种治理类型特点：特色街区具有经济效益大、街面形象好、制度管理规范的优势，但工程耗费时间长、管理要求高；临时疏导区具有治理成本低、规划设置简单、进场容易的优势，但缺乏科学的监督考核机制，后期管理难度大，治理效果差；便民服务点具有负面影响小、规划设置简单、治理成本低的优势，但经济效益小，需求量不多。通过进一步问卷调查和访谈走访，发现三种治理类型效果不佳，摊贩普遍违规，导致整个政策执行流于形式。通过史密斯政策执行模型对三种治理类型进行分析，得出三种治理类型下政策执行之所以未达到预期政策目标，是因为：政策本身权威性不够、设计不合理、缺乏清晰路径，财政资金和人才保障缺乏，政策共情不足；管理单位、执行部门推诿扯皮，具体执行者消极怠工情况普遍；摊贩参与力度不大，对政策宣传知晓不够等。最后，结合N市的特点，本文从政策本身、政策执行者、政策目标团体、政策工具、政策环境五个方面，提出以N市为代表的三线以下城市流动摊贩治理具体建议。

Mobile vendors have been able to continue from the ancient market scene to today, and even play an important role in China's early economy. They are also a kind of symbolic phenomenon in the process of urbanization development. It can be said that their existence has historical inevitability. Under the development strategy of catching up with developed countries, the existence of mobile vendors conflicts with the requirements of a clean and orderly city. Under the policy keynote of social harmony and stability, mobile vendors can only take advantage of their strengths and circumvent their weaknesses. In order to solve various urban problems caused by mobile vendors, the policy executors tried their best to solve this problem. However, in the practice of governance, the resistance from the bottom, the strong pressure from the superior leaders, and the lack of support from the masses all give managers a headache. Due to the low urbanization rate, underdeveloped economy and lack of high-quality resources, City N was forced to respond to various citizen complaints or unannounced inspections. Under the guidance of the central policy, the government, in combination with local conditions, carried out three experimental governance types focusing on characteristic streets, temporary evacuation areas and convenient service points, aiming to achieve the governance goals of social harmony and clean and orderly city appearance by reducing the sharp conflicts between law enforcement personnel and vendors, However, the final practice found that the governance type did not achieve the expected policy effect.

This paper focuses on sorting out the three types of mobile vendors in N City, and finds that the characteristics of the three types of governance are: the characteristic streets have the advantages of large economic benefits, good street image, and standardized system management, but the project takes a long time and requires high management; The temporary evacuation area has the advantages of low governance cost, simple planning and setting, and easy access to the site, but it lacks a scientific supervision and assessment mechanism, which makes it difficult to manage in the later stage, and the governance effect is poor; Convenient service points have the advantages of small negative impact, simple planning and setting, and low governance cost, but the economic benefits are small and the demand is small. Through further questionnaires and interviews, it was found that the three governance types were ineffective, and vendors generally violated the rules, resulting in the whole policy implementation in a mere formality. Through the analysis of the three governance types through the Smith policy implementation model, it is concluded that the reason why the policy implementation under the three governance types fails to achieve the expected policy objectives is that the policy itself is not authoritative enough, the design is unreasonable, the clear path is lacking, the financial funds and talent security are lacking, and the policy empathy is insufficient; The management unit and the executive department shirk the buck, and the specific executors are generally slack in work; The participation of vendors is not strong enough, and they do not know enough about policy propaganda. Finally, combined with the characteristics of N city, this paper puts forward specific suggestions on the management of mobile vendors in cities below the third tier represented by N city from five aspects: policy itself, policy executors, policy target groups, policy tools, and policy environment.