阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳在2021年获得诺贝尔文学奖，因其小众身份和爆冷效应引发了研究热潮。但人们往往关注他身份的特殊性，探讨其作品表面的非洲风格，却忽略了他作品中的复杂性和不确定性，对其作品中关于流散者身份的探究也只停留在浅尝辄止的程度，对其背后所勾连的东非乃至整个印度洋世界的历史、文化、宗教等重要元素未进行深入分析。

       本研究试图聚焦古尔纳小说研究中的流散主题，以此为研究重点向前挖掘出这一流散美学诞生的地缘和历史因素，向后探索流散者的可能出路，在“流亡”这一关键词下对古尔纳的小说创作进行整体、全面的分析。

       在正文部分，第一章从地缘的视角切入，首先结合古尔纳的小说和采访资料对其生平和小说创作观点进行了详细介绍，重点叙述桑给巴尔所在东非的独特地缘因素和历史渊源，以及古尔纳被桑给巴尔和英国双重排挤的夹心人身份，接着研究古尔纳小说的在地性，将其小说置于非洲流散文学谱系之下定义其类型，指明其特点，接着探讨其小说中所呈现的海洋文明下东非的独特“非洲性”。

       第二章重点对古尔纳小说中的流散者形象进行分析，探讨了两大类流散者——流散异邦的“外来者”和本土失归的“无家者”的心理状态和生存状况。通过对流散异邦的流散者群体中出现的忧郁症、沉默和焦虑等症状的分析，揭示了流散者在异乡中的心理挣扎和面对的文化冲突。而针对本土失归的“无家者”，本文则深入探讨了殖民主义和奴隶制对他们的影响。

       第三章在第二章对流散者形象分析的基础上转向对流散者出路的探究，以“救赎”为主题展开讨论，重点关注了古尔纳小说中流散者的身份认同问题、对多重文化资源的利用以及世界主义话语体系的建构。通过这些分析，文章试图揭示出古尔纳小说中流散者独特的文化身份地位和古尔纳为倡导世界主义所做出的努力，以及流散者面向未来的可能的出路。

       结语部分对全文进行总结概括，再次重申了古尔纳充满混杂性与不确定性的世界主义立场，阐明其作品在理解流散者的经历、身份认同和文化表达方面提供了新的视角和理解，也为全球化的当下弥合文化裂缝等问题提供了可供参考的意见。

Abdulrazak Gurnah won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2021, triggering a fervour of research due to his niche identity and explosive effect. However, people tend to focus on the specificity of his identity and explore the surface African style of his works, but ignore the complexity and uncertainty in his works, and the inquiry about the identity of the diaspora in his works is only superficial, without in-depth analyses of the important elements of the history, culture and religion of East Africa and even the whole Indian Ocean world that are linked behind them.

This study attempts to focus on the theme of diaspora in Gurnah’s novels, taking this as the focus of the study to dig out the geographic and historical factors that led to the birth of this aesthetics of diaspora in the first place, and to explore the possible way out of diaspora in the second place, in order to analyse Gurnah’s novels in a holistic and comprehensive manner under the keyword of “Diaspora”.

In the main text, the first chapter starts from the perspective of geography, firstly combining Gurnah’s novels and interviews to give a detailed introduction to his life and creative concepts on his novels, focusing on the unique geo-factors and historical origins of East Africa where Zanzibar is situated, as well as Gurnah’s identity as a sandwiched man who is excluded by both Zanzibar and Britain, and then examining the Site-Specific Art of Gurnah’s novels, placing them in the African diasporic literary spectrum to define their genres and identify their characteristics. It then examines the locality of Gurnah’s novels, defining their genre and identifying their characteristics under the spectrum of African diasporic literature, and then explores the distinctive “Africanness” of East Africa in the context of a maritime civilisation as presented in his novels.

The second Chapter focuses on the analysis of the image of the diaspora in Gurnah’s novels, exploring the psychological state and survival of the two major categories of diaspora— the “outsiders” who are dispersed in foreign countries and the “homeless” who are lost in their homeland. By analysing the symptoms of depression, silence and anxiety in the group of dispersed outsiders, the psychological struggles and cultural conflicts faced by the diaspora in a foreign land are revealed. In the case of the “homeless” who were lost in their homeland, the paper explores the impact of colonialism and slavery on them.

On the basis of the analysis of the image of the diaspora in the second chapter, the third chapter turns to the exploration of the way out of the diaspora and discusses the theme of “redemption”, focusing on the identity of the diaspora in Gurnah’s novels, the use of multi-cultural resources, and the construction of the cosmopolitan discourse system. Through these analyses, the paper tries to reveal the unique cultural identity status of the diaspora in Gurnah’s novels and Gurnah’s efforts to advocate cosmopolitanism, as well as the possible way out for the diaspora towards the future.

The concluding section provides a summary of the whole text, reaffirming Gurnah’s cosmopolitan stance, which is full of  hybridity and uncertainty, and clarifying that his works provide new perspectives and understandings in understanding the experiences, identities and cultural expressions of the diaspora, as well as providing references to issues such as bridging cultural fissures in the present time of globalisation.