新中国成立初期《实践论》《矛盾论》学习活动，不仅具有开展学习活动的一般经验，而且具有开展哲学著作学习活动的特殊经验。本研究从学习动因、学习推动、学习群体、学习特点、学习成效和现实启示等方面对这场活动展开分析，努力展现其丰富的面相。

      《实践论》《矛盾论》是破除主观主义、优化思想方法的理论武器，也是巩固毛泽东思想指导地位的经典文本，既能满足新中国成立初期帮助人们克服教条主义和经验主义的需要，也能满足巩固新生人民政权的需要。为了推动《实践论》《矛盾论》学习活动的掀起和发展，毛泽东精心修订并重新发表《实践论》《矛盾论》，马克思主义理论工作者则在报刊杂志发表文章进行宣传与解读。党政高级干部、教育工作者、科学工作者、文艺工作者等具备较多知识储备的群体积极参与到学习活动当中。这些学习者遵循理论联系实际的原则，结合《实践论》《矛盾论》，配套学习其他重要著作。经过认真地学习，许多学习者坚定了正确的立场，提高了思想觉悟；加深了对辩证唯物主义的认识，提升了理论水平；同时优化了思想方法和工作方法，增长了工作成效。新中国成立初期《实践论》《矛盾论》学习活动积累了宝贵的经验，启示当代中国共产党和中国人民坚持对马克思主义哲学的继承和发展，加强马克思主义学习型政党建设，还要注重宣传思想文化工作。

       新中国成立初期“两论”学习活动卓有成效，也暴露出了学习形式过于简化等问题。需要强调的是，学习活动的积极影响是历史的主流，学习活动留下的经验和教训已然成为了宝贵的历史财富。

The learning activity of On Practice and On Contradiction in the early years of new China not only has the general experience in carrying out learning activity, but also has the special experience in carrying out learning activity of philosophical works. This study analyzes this activity from the aspects of learning motivation, learning promotion, learning groups, learning characteristics, learning effects and practical
implications, striving to show its rich content. On Practice and On Contradiction are not only theory weapons to break
subjectivism and optimize ideological methodology, but also classic texts to consolidate the guiding position of Mao Zedong Thought. It can not only meet the needs of helping people overcome dogmatism and empiricism in the early years of new China, but also meet the needs of consolidating the newborn people’s political power. To promote the initiation and development of the learning activity of On Practice and On Contradiction, Mao Zedong carefully revised and republished On Practice and On Contradiction, while Marxist theoretical workers published articles in newspapers and magazines for propaganda and interpretation. Senior party and government cadres, educators, scientists, literary and artistic workers, and other groups with much knowledge reserves actively participate in learning activities. These
learners followed the principle of linking theory to practice, combined On Practice and On Contradiction with other important works. After careful study, many learners
firmly established a correct stance and improved ideological consciousness. They deepened their understanding of dialectical materialism and improved their theoretical
level. At the same time, they optimized their thinking and working methods, and increased their work effectiveness. In the early years of new China, the learning activity of On Practice and On Contradiction accumulated valuable experience, which inspired the contemporary Communist Party of China and the Chinese people to persist in inheriting and developing Marxist philosophy, strengthen the construction of Marxist learning party, and pay attention to propaganda, ideological and cultural work.In the early years of new China, the learning activity of On Practice and On Contradiction were very effective, but also exposed some problems such as
oversimplification of learning forms. It should be emphasized that the positive impact of learning activities is the mainstream of history, and the experience and lessons left by learning activities have become valuable historical wealth.