在中国大陆的对立违抗障碍儿童家庭中，互动水平变量（如婚姻质量和亲职压力）和个体水平变量之间（如父母抑郁和儿童抑郁）的关系有待被进一步检验。以从中国大陆北部、东部和西南部14所小学招募的256名对立违抗障碍儿童及他们父母为对象，通过问卷测量和结构方程模型分析的方法，验证了婚姻质量和亲职压力对父母抑郁和儿童抑郁的共同作用路径。研究结果表明，互动水平变量能够显著预测个体水平变量（除婚姻质量对儿童抑郁的预测以外）。在这些关系中，婚姻质量和亲职压力两个互动水平变量分别在对个体水平变量的预测中起到中介作用。相比于婚姻质量，亲职压力更多预测儿童抑郁。然而研究并没有发现两个个体水平变量的中介作用。研究结果强调了在对立违抗障碍儿童家庭中亲子互动和夫妻互动的重要性，为未来的针对儿童或父母的家庭干预提供依据。

The relationship between interaction level of factors and individual level of factors still need to be further clarified in family with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) children. The purpose of current study was to examine the relationship between interaction level (i.e., marital quality and parenting stress) and individual level of factors (i.e., parental depression and children’s depression) in family with ODD child in Mainland China. The pathways of mutual effect of marital quality and parenting stress to both parental depression and children’s depression were further explored. Totally, 256 children with ODD and one of their parents were recruited from 14 primary schools located in northern, eastern and southwestern China. Results showed interaction level of factors were significantly associated with individual level of factors, with the exception of marital quality and children’s depression. During these associations, marital quality and parenting stress also played mediating roles respectively in each other's relationship with parental and children's depression. Comparing to marital quality, parenting stress was a stronger predictor of children’s depression. However, findings didn’t show the mediating roles of two individual level of factors. These findings emphasized the importance of parent-child interaction and marital interaction in family with ODD children. These findings were important for future intervention of both parental and children’s depression.