研究背景：近年来，儿童心理健康问题已受到社会各界的广泛关注，而对立违抗障碍是儿童常见的心理障碍之一，不仅给父母教养和学校管理带来双重压力，而且严重影响儿童身心健康发展，并有可能进一步发展为品行障碍、反社会人格障碍，甚至引发犯罪、物质成瘾等社会问题。为此，本研究提出应对力团体辅导对儿童对立违抗行为的干预方法，不仅为减少儿童对立违抗行为的干预提供实证参考，同时为国内学校心理健康教育工作提供新方向。

研究目的：本研究以社会认知情境模型为理论基础设计团体辅导方案，并通过测量社会能力、行为问题水平的前后测变化差异，探究应对力团体辅导对儿童对立违抗行为的干预效果。

研究方法：本研究采用干预组对照组前后测设计，选取9名儿童作为研究对象，将其随机分组至干预组和对照组，干预组儿童接受为期8周，每周1次的团体辅导；对其父母通过一对一的信息反馈和问题指导，并通过线上辅导方式接受辅导，促进儿童干预的效果。同时，对照组等待干预。测量工具采用对立违抗障碍症状评估量表作为儿童对立违抗障碍的筛查工具；采用Achenbach儿童行为量表对儿童进行前、后测，收集儿童社会能力（包括活动能力、社交能力和学校能力）和行为问题（包括内化性行为和外化性行为）的变化，进行数据分析；采用半结构化访谈对父母、教师和儿童本人分别进行入组访谈，团体结束后对干预组儿童进行结束访谈；采用团体活动反馈问卷收集父母对团体的满意度，辅助探究干预效果。

研究结果：经过8次应对力团体辅导后，通过独立样本t检验对前后测数据分析显示，与对照组相比，干预组的外化性行为呈显著下降，社会能力显著提升。从量化研究结果看，应对力团体辅导能够提升儿童的社会能力和降低社交问题、违纪问题和攻击性行为，具有减少儿童对立违抗行为的作用。从结束访谈内容和团体活动反馈问卷结果看，儿童主观报告其在情绪调节和问题解决能力等方面的变化以及父母对团体的满意度也可以看到应对力团体辅导的干预效果。

研究结论：本研究结果支持应对力团体辅导对儿童对立违抗行为的干预效果，通过提升儿童社会能力，降低外化性问题，从而减少儿童对立违抗行为，干预方案针对国内儿童具有适用性和可行性，为儿童对立违抗行为干预提供新的思路和依据。

Background: In recent years, children's mental health problems have been widely concerned by society, and oppositional defiant disorder is one of the common psychological disorders in children, which not only brings double pressure on parenting and school management but also seriously affects children's healthy physical and mental development, even may lead to other mental diseases and develop into conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and even social problems such as delinquency and substance addiction. Therefore, this study proposes a coping power group counseling approach to children's oppositional defiant behavior, providing an empirical reference for interventions to reduce children's oppositional defiant behavior and a new direction for psychological health education in school.

Objective: This study designed a group program based on the theoretical foundation of the Coping Power Program, and explored the intervention effects of coping power group counseling on children's oppositional defiant behaviors by measuring differences in social competence and behavioral problem before and after intervention.

Methods: 9 children were selected as the study subjects and randomly grouped into the intervention group and control group, and the children in the intervention group received group intervention once a week 8 times; their parents received biunique feedback and guidance on problems through WeChat or telephone and received counseling through online lectures to promote the effectiveness of the intervention for the children. The control group did not receive any intervention. Measurement tools including The Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptom Rating Scale was used as a screening tool for children with oppositional defiant disorder; The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to measure changes in children's social competence (including activity, social, and school competence) and behavioral problems (including internalized and externalized behaviors) were collected and analyzed; and a semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, teachers, and children, and an ending interview was conducted with the children in the intervention group; a feedback questionnaire was used to collect parental satisfaction with the group and to assist in exploring the effects of the intervention.

Results: After 8 sessions of coping power group counseling, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in externalizing behaviors and a remarkable increase in social competence compared to the control group. From the quantitative research results, coping power group counseling was able to improve children's social competence, reduce disciplinary problems and aggressive action , as well as lower children's externalizing behaviors. The intervention effect of coping power group counseling can also be seen in the content of the exit interviews and the results of the feedback questionnaire on group activities, where children subjectively reported changes in their emotional regulation and problem-solving skills, as well as in their parent's satisfaction with the group.

Conclusion: The results of this study support that the coping power group counseling is effective in children's oppositional defiant behaviors and that it is applicable and feasible for domestic children by enhancing children's social competence and decreasing externalizing problems, thus reducing children's oppositional defiant behavior, and providing new ideas and foundation for children's oppositional defiant behavior interventions.