土壤扬尘是大气颗粒物自然源排放最主要的来源之一，由于我国不同季节气候差异显著，不同季节的排放量会有较大差距，现有的排放量估算方法通常以年度排放核算，时间变化精度较为粗糙，难以满足高精度动态排放清单编制及空气质量模式模拟研究的需求。本研究将全国各省级行政区土壤扬尘源颗粒物作为研究对象，选取2015年作为基准年，分析考察逐月土地利用情况，收集实际监测的月均值气候数据，估算2015年土壤扬尘源大气颗粒物月度排放清单。在此基础上，采用“蒸散比法”用于月度气候因子的核算，避免了冬季北方地区低温导致的桑氏威特降水蒸发指数结果异常的情况，使得排放量计算公式能更好符合全国省级行政区扬尘源颗粒物月度排放特征。利用1986-2015年共30年历史气象数据，构建适用于全国的土壤扬尘源颗粒物排放量月度分配矩阵，作为辅助工具，可以依据年排放量的估算方法方法快速估算分月排放量。此外，本研究建立的2015年全国各省级行政区土壤风蚀扬尘颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5月尺度排放清单反映了全国土壤风蚀扬尘的时空特征，北方地区土壤风蚀扬尘普遍高于南方地区；且北方冬、春季节排放量占全年总排放量的主体；而由于气候条件的差异南方地区排放量月度差异虽相比于北方较小，但排放也主要集中在冬季。

Soil fugitive dust is one of main sources of particulate matter（PM） emissions originated from natural processes. Due to the significant seasonal and spatial variances in China's climate, soil fugitive dust emissions vary largely among four seasons. To characterize the climate impacts, current estimation methods in previous studies and technical guidebooks are mainly based on Thornthwaite precipitation-evaporation method, which cannot meet the demand for compiling high-resolution dynamic emissions inventory and conducting regional air quality modeling. In this study, monthly PM emissions from soil fugitive dust at province-level administrative regions in China were calculate month by month in 2015 based on same methods with two different climate models. The monthly land use was estimated by farming periods, the monthly average wind-speed, temperature, precipitation and evaporation were collected. Combined with the database we collected to avoid the abnormal results caused by low temperatures in the northern regions in winter, the “precipitation/evaporation method” was used to calculate monthly climate factors. In addition, using 30 years of historical meteorological data from 1986 to 2015, a series of acceptable monthly distribution matrixes for national soil dust emissions were constructed. The matrixes can be considered as a tool to estimate monthly emissions rapidly when annual emission available. As a result, the monthly emission inventory of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 of fugitive dust emission of China (2015) reflected the national spatial-temporal characteristics of wind erosion dust. In 2015, national total emission of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 are 346.87millions, 31.32millions, 0.91millions, respectively. The emission in northern China is generally higher than it in southern China. As for the northern China, emissions in winter and spring accounted for the main part of the total annual emissions. Although, the monthly discrepancy of emissions in the southern China is smaller than in the north due to the difference in climate between the north and the south, emissions are still concentrated in the winter.