作为人类历史上第一次全球规模的战争，欧战不仅给欧洲带来了惨重的损失，暴露出西方社会的种种问题，也令远隔重洋的中国大为震惊。为了全面考察欧战之影响，国内不少知识分子在1918年后开启了欧洲之旅，旅欧游记遂伴随着国人“欧游热”的兴起而大量出现。本文以1918年至1924年的旅欧游记为基础史料，辅以时人日记、通讯、书信等相关材料，对该时段的旅欧游记进行整体综合性研究，考察中国知识精英游历欧洲后产生的感悟和反思。

本文主要从四个方面展开分析。第一部分梳理欧战后国人游欧风气的兴起，探究四种身份不同的游者在游历过程中承担的角色，关注其旅欧目的及心态使命。第二部分剖析游者对西欧的观感，从他们的视角观察战后西欧的政治、经济、社会状况，进一步讨论其对欧洲文明的割舍程度。大部分人虽然在欧游后对西方感到不满，却因欧洲精神的存在和教育进步的可能而不至出现“欧洲梦碎”式的全然失望，他们仍然对欧洲的前途抱有希望，并主张继续学习西方的某些事物，同时对战事再起和全盘西化两个问题已有定论。第三部分分析旅苏者的苏俄体验，游者以亲身体验打破对苏俄形象的两分法，以真实的苏俄经验为中国发展提供借鉴，在考察苏俄现实情况的基础上，游者对其过去之十月革命、现在之政治经济制度、未来之发展希望作出判断，基本肯定了社会主义革命由理论到实践的可行性。然而，他们在中俄两国是否能建立平等外交关系的议题上产生了分歧，受国内外多种因素影响，主张快速建交以便借助俄国势力展开革命的人数相对较多，友俄倾向逐渐占据上风，但质疑的种子就此埋下，仇友赤白的论争初见端倪。第四章提炼旅欧游记中与中国命运相关的经验教训，欧洲之行成为了众多旅欧者的思想转折点，梁启超提出的“中国人之自觉”确实可被称为时代主题，游者产生了对现代性“反思之自觉”、对国家“改造之自觉”和对中国“革命之自觉”，马克思主义从众多学说中脱颖而出，最终与国内主流思潮结合起来，酝酿出真正的革命风暴。

通过对1918-1924年旅欧游记的分析，不仅可以与先前学界的游记研究互补，进一步了解其时国人对欧战后西方的观感，还能够加深对新文化运动时期国人关于中国自身问题的种种思考之认识，帮助我们理解中国现代化和马克思主义中国道路的曲折性。

As the first global-scale war in human history, World War I not only brought heavy losses to Europe and exposed various problems in Western society, but also shocked China far away from Europe. In order to comprehensively investigate the impact of the First World War, many Chinese intellectuals started their journey to Europe after 1918, and travel notes to Europe appeared in large numbers with the rise of "Europe travel fever" among Chinese. This paper takes the travel notes to Europe from 1918 to 1924 as the basic historical materials, supplemented by the diary, correspondence, letters and other relevant materials, and conducts a comprehensive study of the travel notes to Europe during this period, and investigates the insights and reflections of the Chinese intellectual elite after traveling to Europe.

This paper mainly analyzes from four aspects. The first part reviews the rise of Chinese tourists to Europe after the war, explores the roles of four different identities of tourists in the process of travel, and focuses on their purpose and mission of travel to Europe.The second part analyzes the visitors' perception of Western Europe, observes the post-war political, economic and social conditions of Western Europe from their perspective, and further discusses the degree of their abandonment of European civilization. Although most people were dissatisfied with the West after their trip to Europe, they were not completely disappointed because of the existence of the European spirit and the possibility of educational progress. They still had hope for the future of Europe, and advocated continuing to learn some things from the West. At the same time, they reached a conclusion on the two issues of renewed war and Wholesale Westernization.The third part analyzes the experience of the tourists in Soviet Russia. The tourists broke the dichotomy of the image of Soviet Russia with their personal experience, and provided reference for China's development with their real experience in Soviet Russia. On the basis of investigating the reality of Soviet Russia, the tourists made judgments on its past October Revolution, current political and economic system, and future development hope. It basically affirmed the feasibility of socialist revolution from theory to practice. However, they had differences on the issue of whether China and Russia could establish equal diplomatic relations. Influenced by a variety of domestic and foreign factors, the number of people who advocated the rapid establishment of diplomatic relations in order to launch a revolution with the help of Russian forces was relatively large. The tendency of friendship with Russia gradually prevailed, but the seeds of doubt were planted, and the debate of hostility and friendship and white appeared at the beginning.The fourth part summarizes the experiences and lessons related to China's fate in the travel notes to Europe. The journey to Europe became a turning point in the thinking of many travelers. The "consciousness of the Chinese people" proposed by Liang Qichao could indeed be called the theme of The Times, and the travelers generated the "consciousness of reflection" on modernity, the "consciousness of transformation" on the country and the "consciousness of revolution" on China. Marxism stood out from many theories, and finally combined with the domestic mainstream of thought, brewing a real revolutionary storm.

Through the analysis of travel notes to Europe from 1918 to 1924, we can not only complement the previous academic travel notes studies, further understand the Chinese people's perception of the postwar Western Europe, but also deepen the Chinese people's thinking about China's own problems during the New Culture Movement, and help us understand the twists and turns of China's modernization and Marxist Chinese road.