2015年联合国可持续发展峰会提出17个可持续发展目标，力求在2030年之前以综合方式彻底解决社会、经济、环境三个维度的发展问题。中国积极响应这一目标，2021年外交部发布《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程国别自愿陈述报告》，提出未来十年中国将加快数字化进程助力可持续发展目标的实现。可见数字化转型对实现可持续发展目标有重要战略意义，但已有文献对数字化转型如何影响企业可持续发展的研究还不够全面。本文意在探索数字化转型对企业可持续发展的影响表现和作用机制，提供实证证据支持，为经济社会实现可持续发展目标建言献策。
本文以2010年至2020年中国A股上市公司为研究样本，采用文本分析方法构建的数字化转型指标，从外部机构评级和内部自我评价两个方面测度企业可持续发展的水平，分析探讨了数字化转型战略对企业可持续发展的影响，并进一步分析其作用机制、影响因素和经济后果。研究发现：（1）企业数字化转型可以显著提升其可持续发展水平，经过一系列稳健性检验后，上述研究结果仍然稳健；（2）进一步研究发现，数字化转型对企业环境和社会领域可持续发展的促进作用更为明显，分别探讨其机制，发现数字化转型可以通过提高企业绿色创新能力促进其环境领域的可持续发展，通过缓解融资约束促进其社会领域的可持续发展；（3）聚焦企业内部特征发现，AH股交叉上市的企业实施数字化转型更能促进其可持续发展；良好的吸收能力能够帮助企业提升数字化转型实效，推动企业可持续发展；（4）异质性研究发现，在数字化发展水平较高的地区，企业数字化转型可以显著促进其可持续发展；在环境规制较为宽松的地区，数字化转型可以补充政策规制的监督效力从而促进企业可持续发展外部评价水平提高；相比于其他行业，服务业企业的数字化转型更能促进可持续发展。
基于本文的结论与分析，启示如下：首先，企业应当转变发展理念，加快数字化转型步伐，利用数字技术在企业经营全场景的应用，推进企业流程重塑、模式创新，让数字化为企业可持续发展赋能；其次，国家应该为企业数字化转型提供支持性的政策，加快完善数字基础设施建设、推动数字金融体系发展，多措并举，帮助企业提升数字化转型实施效果，促进经济社会的可持续发展。
 

The United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development put forward 17 sustainable development goals in 2015, aiming to completely solve the development problems in social, economic and environmental dimensions in an integrated manner by 2030. China actively responded to this goal. In 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued The National Voluntary Presentation Report on China's Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and proposed that China will accelerate the digitalization process in the next decade to help realize the sustainable development goals. It can be seen that digital transformation has important strategic significance for achieving the goals of sustainable development, but the research on how digital transformation affects the sustainable development of enterprises is not comprehensive enough in the existing literature. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence and mechanism of digital transformation on the sustainable development of enterprises, provide empirical evidence, and make suggestions for the sustainable development of economy and society.
Based on the samples of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper uses the digital transformation index constructed by text analysis method and the sustainable development level of enterprises measured from two aspects: external agency rating and internal self-evaluation, discusses the influence of digital transformation strategy on the sustainable development of enterprises, and further analyzes its mechanism, influencing factors and economic consequences. The results show that, firstly, the digital transformation of enterprises can significantly promote their sustainable development. After a series of robustness tests, the above research results are still robust. Secondly, further research shows that digital transformation can promote the sustainable development of enterprises in the fields of environment and social obviously. By discussing its mechanisms respectively, it is found that digital transformation can promote the sustainable development of enterprises in the field of environment by improving their green innovation ability, and in the field of society by easing the financing constraint. Thirdly, focusing on the internal characteristics of enterprises, it is found that the digital transformation of enterprises with cross-listed AH shares can better promote their sustainable development, and absorptive capacity can help enterprises improve the effectiveness of digital transformation and promote the sustainable development of enterprises. Fourthly, heterogeneity research shows that in areas with high level of digital development, digital transformation of enterprises can significantly promote their sustainable development, in areas with loose environmental regulations, digital transformation can supplement the supervision effect of policy regulations and thus improve the external evaluation level of sustainable development, and compared with other industries, the digital transformation of service industry can promote sustainable development more.
Based on the conclusion and analysis of this paper, the enlightenment is as follows: firstly, enterprises should change their development concept, speed up the pace of digital transformation, use digital technology in the whole scene of enterprise management to remodel enterprise process and business model. Enterprises should make digitalization to energize their sustainable development. Secondly, the state should provide supportive policies for the digital transformation of enterprises, accelerate the improvement of digital infrastructure construction, advance the development of digital financial system, take various measures simultaneously to help enterprises improve the implementation effect of digital transformation and promote the sustainable development of economy and society.