热融湖塘是冻土区地貌研究的重点研究对象。热融湖塘是冻土区重要的 淡水储存方式，在碳、水和能量循环中起到重要作用。并且，热融湖塘有着重 要的环境指示意义，热融湖塘数目和面积的增大，意味着活动层增厚，冻融作 用加剧；同时，由于热融湖塘会加速土壤有机碳侵蚀，其中的微生物降解会对 外释放温室气体如二氧化、甲烷等，导致热融湖塘的发展对全球气候变化具有 反作用。因此青藏高原热融湖塘的研究对青藏高原的气候变化研究、青藏高原 的生态健康发展以及我国的碳中和战略有着极其重要的意义。本研究将利用 Sentinel-2 卫星遥感影像，结合野外考察的无人机航拍照片，基于湖岸发育系 数和水体缓冲区高程差，给出一套判断热融湖塘的标准，并制作那曲、达日、 玛多、杂多四个研究区的热融湖塘数据集。利用该数据集，本文分析了研究区 中热融湖塘的空间分异规律，并结合海拔、植被、土壤质地三个环境因子数据 得到了如下结论： 1. 利用本研究的热融湖塘判别标准，能够有效识别水体中的热融湖塘， 空间分布规律与其他数据基本无异。 2. 那曲-杂多研究区面积大于 3600m2的热融湖塘总数为 3775 个，总面积 410.44km2。达日-玛多研究区面积大于 3600m2 的热融湖塘总数为 85 个，总面 积为 8.67 km2。热融湖塘在研究区内的分布不均匀，集中分布在那曲市北部和 杂多县西南部，在玛多县有零星分布，而达日县热融湖塘分布极少。 4 3.研究区中的热融湖塘在海拔 4500m-5000m 分布最多，为 2973 个，且总 面积最大为 321.5km2。热融湖塘数量随海拔的分布与其总面积随海拔的分布 基本一致；依据归一化植被指数(NDVI)，1 月时，研究区中的热融湖塘周边 的 NDVI 值集中分布在 0-0.05 之间；7 月时热融湖塘周边的 NDVI 值分布 更加分散，集中分布在 0-0.2 之间。即研究区中的热融湖塘多分布在植被稀 疏的区域。依据植被类型，研究区中的热融湖塘在草原分布最多，数目为 2815 个，总面积为 308.1km2。其次是荒漠，数目为 628 个，总面积 64.9km2。在裸 地分布最少；研究区中的热融湖塘在粘粒含量为 10%、粉粒含量为 18%、砂 粒含量为 72%的土壤中分布最多，数目为 1909 个，总面积为 203.9km2。

Thermokarst lake is the key object of geomorphology research in permafrost region. Thermokarst lakes are an important fresh water storage mode in permafrost areas and play an important role in carbon, water and energy cycles. The increase of the number and area of thermokarst lakes means that the active layer thickens and the freeze-thawing effect intensifies. At the same time, because the thermokarst lakes will accelerate the erosion of soil organic carbon, the microbial degradation of which will release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, the development of thermokarst lakes will have a negative effect on global climate change. Therefore, the study of the thermokarst lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance to the study of the climate change of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the ecological healthy development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the carbon neutralization strategy. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing images were used, combined with UAV aerial photos taken during field trips, and a set of criteria for judging thermokarst lakes was proposed based on shoreline development index and elevation difference of water buffer. Moreover, data sets of thermokarst lakes in four research areas, Naqu, Dari, Maduo and Zado, were prepared. Using this data set, this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation law of the thermokarst lakes in the study area, and combined with the data of three environmental factors, altitude, vegetation and soil texture, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The thermokarst lakesin the water body can be effectively identified by using the identification criteria of the thermokarst lakes in this study, and the spatial distribution pattern is basically the same as other data. 2. In the Naqu-Zadoo study area, there are 3,775 thermokarst lakes with an area larger than 3,600 m2 , and the total area is 410.44km2. The total number of thermokarst lakes larger than 3600m2 in the Dari-Maduo research area is 85, with a total area of 8.67km2. The distribution of thermokarst lakes in the study area is uneven, concentrated in the north of Naqu City and the southwest of Zadoo County, scattered in Maduo County, and very few in Dari County. 3. In the study area, 2,973 thermokarst lakes are distributed at an altitude of 4500m to 5000m, and the total area is 321.5km2 . The distribution of the number of thermokarst lakes with altitude is basically the same as that of the total area with altitude；According to nomralized difference vegeattion idnex (NDVI), in January, the NDVI values around the thermokarst lakes in the study area were concentrated in the range of 0-0.05; In July, the NDVI values around the heat melting pond were more dispersed, with a concentrated distribution between 0 and 0.2. That is, the thermokarst lakes in the study area are mostly distributed in areas with sparse vegetation. According to the vegetation types, the number of thermokarst lakes in 7 the study area was the largest in the grassland, with a total area of 308.1km2 and the number of 2815. The number of thermokarst lakes in deserts was 628, and the total area was 64.9km2 . It is least distributed in bare land；In the study area, the number of thermal melt ponds was the largest in the soil with 10% clay, 18% silt and 72% sand content, and the total area was 203.9km2 .