假面剧是韩国特有的一种民俗剧，它的起源可以追溯到新罗时代的处容舞，由于在它的发展过程中受到中国傩礼和傩仪的影响，因此它与中国的傩戏在起源之初都具有驱逐疫鬼保平安的社会功能，也经历了一个从宗教祭祀为主逐渐走向娱神娱人为主的变化过程。另外，韩国假面剧和中国傩戏也都有着鲜明的个性特征，我们可以从各自的历史发展过程、分类、分布以及面具本身来看它们由于文化传统的不同而形成的差异。 本论文试图从人类学跨文化比较的视角出发，在对中国傩戏和韩国假面剧进行了解的基础上对二者进行比较，试图说明在不同的语境中，假面剧表演所具有的文化地方性特征、不同的社会功能和文化象征意义。

The Mask dance is a special kind of folkloric performance of South Korea, t's origin can be traced back to the Chu-rong Dancing of the “Shil-la Age”.Because it is influenced by the Chinese Nuo-xi in its developing process, it has the same societal function of persuing a ghost and guaranteeing the safety by the Chinese Nuo-xi.It has also experienced the change process from the religious sacrificial stage, gradually to the amusing god and amusing person stage. Moreover.the South Korean Mask dance and the Chinese Nuo-xi have distinct individual characteristics. We can look at the differences as a result of cultural traditions from the respective historical development process，classification, distribution as well as the mask itself. The present paper attempts to compare the Chinese Nuo-xi and the South Korean Mask dance from the anthropological crossing of cultures to the point of view based from the understanding of the two.This paper will explain the differences between the two linguistic environments, the different local cultural characteristics of the mask performance, and the social function and the symbolic cultural significance of the two.