本文主要研究空间非相干光场的一阶关联效应. 在热光场强度关联干涉与关联成像的启发下, 我们着重讨论了空间非相干光场的一阶关联干涉与成像, 提出利用非平衡干涉仪探索光场一阶关联性质的方案. 在实验上实现了一阶关联干涉, 关联成像,无透镜关联成像和关联屏蔽等效应, 并且给出详细的理论分析.空间非相干光场照明时可以发生干涉现象看似与我们的直观经验相悖. 而我们在强度关联干涉的启发下, 借助于非平衡干涉仪实现了空间非相干光场的一阶关联干涉. 我们的关联干涉方案类似于Gabor原始的全息思想, 只是将相干照明换为空间非相干照明. 当空间非相干光场照明时, 虽然干涉光束的瞬时强度分布随机变化, 但其统计平均呈现出稳定的干涉条纹. 由物光场与参考光场的一阶关联在干涉仪的两臂间建立起级联衍射机制, 从而实现关联干涉. 与普通的干涉不同, 一阶关联干涉是通过光场的非相干叠加形成的, 需要空间非相干照明.纠缠双光子源与热光源的关联成像都是对物光和参考光进行强度关联测量来实现的, 是光场的二阶效应. 而我们在空间非相干光源照明下, 采用非平衡干涉思想通过直接观测光场的强度分布实现了关联成像. 经过研究还发现强度关联成像与一阶关联成像满足相同的成像公式. 通过与空间相干照明情况比较, 我们指出光源的空间非相干性是实现一阶关联成像的必要条件. 由于一阶关联成像是通过物光与参考光的干涉形成的, 因此这是一种在空间非相干光场照明下的相敏成像方案.通过一阶无透镜关联成像实验与理论分析, 我们证实了空间非相干光场的一阶关联中存在着位相反演效应. 理论研究指出光源的空间非相干性和物光与参考光之间的干涉共同造成了这种存在着位相反演效应的一阶关联. 我们定义了衍射距离用以描述光场在介质中传播时波前的改变情况. 在通常情况下, 光场只有在负折射率介质中传播时其衍射距离才为负, 然而我们利用无透镜成像实验装置, 在空间非相干场的一阶关联中观察到了双缝的负衍射条纹.Yun Lai等人提出利用互补介质可以实现光学屏蔽的理论. 对这种屏蔽现象我们可从正负衍射相互抵消的角度来理解. 空间非相干光场的一阶场关联与光场在互补介质中传播时存在着相似的位相反演效应. 在互补介质相互屏蔽的启发下, 我们在实验上实现了纯位相物体的关联屏蔽, 并且从位相倒转衍射的角度对这种关联屏蔽效应给予了恰当的理论解释.

This paper is a study on the first-order field correlation property of the spatiallyincoherent light. In the light of the intensity correlation of the classical thermal light,we investigate the correlated interference, correlated imaging, lensless imaging andcloak effect through the first-order field correlation of spatially incoherent thermallight.The formation of the interference pattern originates from a spatially incoherentlight source which seems to contradict our common knowledge. However, weincorporate the transverse spatial correlation of a chaotic field into unbalanced interferometeras incoherent interferometry to perform first-order interference. Ourexperimental scheme is very similar to Gabor’s original proposal of holography, exceptthat an incoherent source replaces the coherent one. Though an instantaneousinterference pattern between an object wave and reference wave fluctuates irregularly,a well-defined pattern appears in the statistical average. The diffraction isestablished through joint transfer of both object and reference fields. It is differentfrom the ordinary interference that the first-order interference is built throughincoherent superposition, which rely on incoherent illumination.We realize that the correlated imaging in an unbalanced interferometer withchaotic light can be observed in the intensity pattern rather than the intensity correlationmeasurement. Similar to ghost imaging with thermal light, object and objectivelens are not necessarily set in the same path. Moreover, the two imaging schemessatisfy the same imaging equation. Through comparing chaotic illumination withcoherent illumination, we further confirm that the image is related to the spatialincoherence. Our experiment scheme suggests a phase-sensitive imaging techniqueusing a spatially incoherent light source.We obtain lensless imaging through the first-order field correlation of chaoticlight. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that phasereversaldiffraction can be formed through the first-order field correlation of chaoticlight. The experimental realization is similar to the phase-reversal behavior in negativelyrefracting media. We define the diffraction length to describe the changes of wave front when the light field propagation in the medium. The diffraction length canbe negative if the wave travels in negatively refracting medium. With the help of theincoherent interferometer driven by incoherent light, we also realized experimentalobservation of phase-reversal diffraction pattern of an double-slit.Yun Lai et al proposed theoretical approaches of invisibility cloak in complementarymedia. The invisibility cloak effect could be understood by means of cancelationbetween phase reversal diffraction and normal one. In light of the similarityof time reversal diffraction between incoherent interferometry and negatively refractingmedium, we observe the cloak effect through the first-order field correlation ofspatially incoherent light. The experimental results can be understood by the phasereversaldiffraction.