气候变化背景下干旱频率和强度的增加将对生态系统结构和功能产生深刻影响。在气象干旱的扰动下，生态系统恢复力为应对气候和人类活动干扰提供了解决思路，已成为全球关注的问题。本文以典型水分限制区域黄河流域为研究区，以阐明生态系统恢复力定义和内涵为突破口，在评估流域气象干旱和水文干旱特征基础上，围绕干旱胁迫的自然扰动，考虑流域属性的调控反馈，从结构、功能和过程这三个角度阐述流域生态系统恢复力及其水文效应。基于干旱标准化指标，运用游程理论、相关分析和非线形响应方法，评估干旱传递特征，量化传递阈值（PT）及其控制因素；对比分析生产力（GPP）、蒸腾（T_r）和水分利用效率（WUE）在不同水文气象阶段响应敏感性，运用其响应规律表征黄河流域生态系统结构和功能对干旱的响应；运用降水-径流模型验证多年干旱胁迫下的降水（P）和径流（Q）之间的关系变化，应用Budyko框架内的三角函数分解方法（TFD方法）评估气候因素和流域属性对水文变化的贡献。本研究的主要结论如下：（1）在本研究中，生态系统恢复力被定义为流域生态系统抵制变化（抵抗），从变化中恢复（稳定性），调整、适应变化和从变化中受益（适应性）的能力；流域生态系统在干旱传递过程和生态水文结构和功能对干旱的响应中均表现出恢复力的调控；流域生态系统恢复力在调控过程中表现出弹性、适应和阈值等特征。（2）黄河流域整体上从1990年至2001年经历了一个多年干旱事件，持续时间为12年，流域内部不同地区多年干旱特征（即起始时间和持续时间）存在时空异质性。气象和流域属性共同影响下流域具有抵抗气象干旱短期扰动的能力，在过程调控中流域生态系统恢复力体现出抵抗、阈值的特征。（3）在黄河流域多年气象干旱事件中，植物表现出GPP和T_r的改善以及 WUE的削减，斜率分别为1.28 Cg m^?2 a^-2、0.86 mm a^-2和-0.002 Cg m^?2 mm^-1 a^-2，不同水文阶段GPP、T_r和WUE具有不同的分布特征，且GPP对P和T_r变化的敏感性呈现差异。干旱期生态系统GPP的变化和WUE的响应，是生态系统结构和功能调整的体现，在其适应干旱扰动过程中恢复力呈现适应、调整的特征。（4）多年干旱干扰会导致流域径流减少，并改变流域水文状态，使大部分流域干旱期（88.64%）降水-径流关系发生显著移动；流域径流的变化主要受气候变化的控制，而流域属性（如植被格局和功能）会加剧或掩盖气候对径流的影响。水文干旱的发生、径流的变化以及WUE的调整均是流域生态系统恢复力调控过程中水文效应的体现。本文主要创新点如下：将恢复力理论引申至生态水文领域，阐述了干旱扰动下流域生态系统恢复力的概念和内涵。探究了流域生态系统结构、功能和结构对干旱的响应规律，刻画了生态系统恢复力的抵抗、阈值、适应等特征。在前人研究基础上发展了基于Budyko理论的分解方法，简化了气候和流域属性对水文变化贡献量的量化，为准确预测流域径流和制定相应的干旱适应策略提供了方法支撑。

Drought intensification dramatically triggers changes in ecosystem structure, function and process. Ecosystem resilience, the new idea of dealing with the disturbance of climate change and human activity, has become global focus. By clarifying the definition and connotation of ecosystem resilience, the study researched the adjustment and feedback of catchment ecosystem resilience from this perspective of ecosystem structure, function and process considering both of the climate force and catchment characteristic in the Yellow River basin (YRB), a temperate water-limited basin, based on the feature of meteorological and hydrological drought. The study explored the feature and mechanism in propagation of drought using run theory, correlation analysis, and non-linear response methods; analyzed the complex response of structure (i.e., gross primary production (GPP)) and function (transpiration (T_r) and water-use efficiency (WUE)) to drought disturbance; verified the relationship between precipitation (P) and streamflow (Q) by P - Q model and applied a novel method, the trigonometric function decomposition method within the Budyko framework (TFD method), to assess the hydrology mechanism. The results can be concluded as follows:(i) Ecosystem resilience was been defined as the capability that can persist drought disturbance, return from flexibility variation and adjust to adapt and take advantage of the stress in this paper; catchment ecosystem resilience presented features, such as flexibility, adaptability, threshold et al., during regulating the structure, function and process to deal with drought disturbance.(ii) A long-term meteorological drought event was detected from 1990 to 2001 in the YRB, and there were differences in drought feature (i.e., onset and duration) between catchments inside YRB; catchments characteristic (e.g., slope and soil water) and climate feature (e.g., meteorological drought intensity) controlled the propagation of drought, for example, PT-3 related negatively to slope with R2=0.49.Catchments can resist short/ instantaneous disturbance of drought under the control of climate and catchment characteristic, and the process adjustment of catchment ecosystem resilience presented feature of resistance and threshold.(iii) Plants presented improvement in GPP and T_r and reduction in WUE during multiyear drought of YRB, with slope of 1.28 Cg m^?2 a^-2,0.86 mm a^-2 and -0.002 Cg m^?2 mm^-1 a^-2, respectively, and variation in distribution of GPP, T_r and WUE and sensitivity of GPP to P and T_r between hydrological response stages; the adjustment of catchment induced the different response in WUE between YRB and LPR (i.e., Loess Plateau region), whose slope was 0.0032 Cg m^?2 mm^-1 a^-2;. The flexibility and variability of WUE maintained the steady state of ecosystem structure and function. The response of GPP and WUE were the presentation of the adjustment of ecosystem structure and function, which showed feature of adaptability. (iv) Multiyear drought triggered deduction of Q, changed the hydrological state, and shifted the P - Q relationship in most of drought period-catchments combinations (88.64%);  Q changes were mainly controlled by climate force, which can be exacerbated or dampened by catchment properties (e.g., vegetation pattern and function). The activation of hydrology drought, shift of streamflow and the variation of WUE were the representation of hydrology effect during the adjustment of catchment ecosystem resilience.The innovation points of the paper were the extension of ecosystem resilience to ecohydrology, clarification of the concept and component of catchment ecosystem resilience and development of the ecosystem resilience theory; exploration of the catchment ecosystem response to drought in aspects of structure, function and process and description of resistance, threshold and adaptability feature during catchment ecosystem resilience adjustment; development of the decomposition method based on Budyko theory and simplification of the quantification in contribution of climate force and catchment characteristic to streamflow change, which supported the prediction of streamflow and response to drought disturbance on research method.