近十几年来，有关政府购买服务的政策不断出台，然而政策目标与现实实践之间始终存在着结果偏差。本文试图回到社会组织本身，从现实实践中抽象出专业性和主体性这两个基本属性，两者在专业维度和政治维度上互相对应，在性质上相分离。以“专业性—主体性”为分析框架，根据社会组织功能发挥的理想条件及其在现实中的变异范围，分析社会组织的不同实践形式，本研究试图回答以下问题：第一，社会组织的现实实践图景及其与理想目标的偏离情况；第二，社会组织发生目标置换、陷入专业性与主体性困境的原因为何；第三，弥合理想与现实差距、实现社会组织“嵌合性发展”的可能路径为何。

首先，通过前期的实地走访调查和文献梳理，结合两种性质的程度，本研究将社会组织现实实践大致划分为“依附性生存”“过渡性生存”和“嵌入性发展”三种形式，而根据理论推论，可以发现不同的社会组织不约而同的都蕴含着成为“嵌合性发展”形式的内在潜力。

其次，本文结合三个典型案例，分析了上述三种社会组织实践类型的具体表现。“依附性生存”既表现为一种专业性与主体性双低的状态，也是社会组织与基层部门在当前结构环境下所采取的相对保守的消极性互动策略。“嵌入性发展”呈现出专业性与主体性这两个相互联系的基本性质发生分离的可能性，该实践方式在不冲击基层部门权威性的条件下实现社会组织的功能性嵌入，逐步彰显自身的专业性并建立起信任关系。“过渡性生存”的生存状态依仗于组织的合法性程度。而专业弥散造成的功能弱化，导致这类社会组织缺乏切实的生存根基，组织运作强烈地受到制度环境的驱使。

最后，在讨论部分，本文回归到社会组织本身，探讨中国社会组织的功能预设与现实实践，认为社会组织公共性的实现依托于其主体性的发挥，过度强调社会组织的价值理性，或因其工具理性的行动而忽视其社会功能都是一种极端。适应中国的社会制度与文化传统，兼顾价值追求与功利考量或许才是社会组织在中国的本土化过程。

In the past ten years, policies related to Government's Purchase Public Service have been issued continuously, but there has always been a deviation of results between policy goals and actual practice. This paper attempts to return to the social organization itself, abstracting the basic attributes of professionalism and subjectivity from practical practice. The professionalism and subjectivity of social organizations correspond to each other in the professional dimension and the political dimension respectively, and are separated in nature. Taking "professionalism-subjectivity" as the analytical framework, according to the ideal conditions for the functioning of social organizations and their range of variation in reality, to analyze the different practical forms of social organizations, this study attempts to answer the following questions: First, the actual practice of social organization and its deviation from the ideal goal. Second, what is the reason why the social organization is in the dilemma of professionalism and subjectivity. Third, how to bridge the gap between ideal and reality, and what is the possible pathways for the development of chimerism.

Firstly, through previous field visits and literature review, combined with the degree of the two natures, this study roughly divides the social organization's practical practice into three forms: "dependent survival", "transitional survival" and "embedded development". According to theoretical inferences, it can be found that different social organizations have inherent potential to become a form of "chimeric development".

Secondly, this paper analyzes the specific performance of the above three types of social organization practice based on three typical cases. "Dependent survival" is not only a state of low-professionalism and low-subjectivity, but also a relatively conservative passive interaction strategy adopted by social organizations and grass-roots departments in the current structural environment. "Embedded development" presents the possibility of separation of the two interrelated basic properties of professionalism and subjectivity. This practice method realizes the functional embeddedness of social organizations without impacting the authority of grassroots departments, and gradually manifests itself professionalism and build a relationship of trust. The state of existence of "transitional survival" depends on the degree of legitimacy of the organization. The weakening of functions caused by professional dispersion results in the lack of a solid foundation for survival of such social organizations, and the organization's operation is strongly driven by the institutional environment.