《启蒙辩证法》的反启蒙逻辑是其社会批判的关键之一，启蒙纯粹理解应当是唤醒世界，祛除神话，树立自主，但是启蒙运动在摧毁神话的同时，也走向了自己的对立面。从反启蒙逻辑解读《启蒙辩证法》：以科学技术为外衣，在劳动中工具理性使得自我持存丧失思考；文化工业以集体化的标准生产支配与统治人们的思想；反犹主义已然是启蒙背离本身、欺骗大众的外化结果。霍、阿二人在反启蒙的同时，也追求启蒙的反思，追求启蒙的最初意义。

Dialectic of enlightenment: philosophical fragments is one of significant representative works of the Frankfurt, as reflection to enlightenment and social criticism. The anti-Enlightenment is one of points to social criticism. enlightenment should be disenchanting of the world, dispelling myths and liberating human beings. However, the Enlightenment makes itself into the opposite of its own, as dispelling myths. According to the interpretation of the anti-Enlightenment of Dialectic of enlightenment: philosophical fragments, the fundamental objects are these: instrumental reason with science technology, the culture industry, anti-Semitism. Except the anti-Enlightenment, Horkheimer and Adorno pursue reflection to the Enlightenment and the primary concept of enlightenment.