本文着眼于中国当代乡村社区“共同体”特征的存续，将乡村社区视作本体论意义上的实体，以社会学经典的社区研究逻辑及对东部经济较发达地区村庄的社会调查经验为基础，建构起中国当代乡村社区的理想类型。当前乡村社区中，村民们在弥散性金钱压力的推动下正经历着职业分化和经济分层，彼此间由于流动而相对疏离，村庄的道德规范力量也发生着变化。在这样的背景之下，村民在生产活动、日常交往和互助、人情往来、伦理道德、公共文化政治生活等各方面的社会关联都发生了松弛和分化，而不同世代与村庄的社会关联则有强弱之别。尽管村民之间的联结纽带有所松弛，但其“半熟悉”状态仍然显著有别于城市社区中的陌生状态，多数村民对于共同体的情感性认同仍然存在，因此乡村社区作为实体性的共同体仍会存续一段时间。

Regarding the community as an entity, this paper focuses on the condition of Chinese contemporary rural community and tries to construct an ideal type of it. The paper is based on classic community research in sociology and social investigation of villages in eastern China. Driven by diffused financial pressure, villagers in current rural community are experiencing occupational differentiation and economic stratification. They are separated from each other due to mobility, and the moral strength of the whole community is also changing. On this occasion, the social relations of the villagers in production, daily communication, mutual assistance, favor pattern, morality and ethic, public politics and cultural life have been divided and loose. And the social relations between different generations and the villages are at different intensities. Although the bond between the villagers is loose, the "semi-familiar" state of it is still significantly different from the unfamiliar state in the urban community, so it can still survive as a substantial community for a period of time.