生育，作为人类自身的再生产，裹挟了性别、文化、政治、社会等诸多复杂权力关系。究其本质，这种社会实践集中反映在女性主体的身体实践。本文从性别与身体的理论视角出发，采用民俗学研究领域近年学科转向中关键视角，即“主体认知与建构”和“知识传承与生产”，以山东省济南市和烟台市的都市经产妇为例，通过细究女性主体从生育决策到怀孕、分娩的一系列具体实践活动，试图在传统与现代、公共空间与私密领域等充满张力的解释框架下，对女性身体及其背后呈现的权力关系、主体认知与知识生产等进行诠释。全文首置绪论，共分四章，最终得出结论。

绪论从一次旁观生育实践的经历出发，阐明研究缘起，说明本研究的学理意义与现实意义，从性别视角、身体视角及过程视角对国内外相关研究进行梳理，从而建构全文的理论支撑。

第一章首先对田野过程进行总体描述，具体阐释田野的两条具体路径，及由此产生的田野感受和引发的问题思考。首先走近女性主体，对女性亲属进行访谈，发现其背后潜藏的隐晦叙事策略，在家庭场域中的权力关系与传统规训；在网络社群中进行观察和访谈，发现虚拟“马甲”对私密性的保护作用，体现女性主体的身体经验与自我认知。其次走进医院，聚焦于医疗场域，发现其介入对现代生育的惯习生产与具体实践产生的巨大影响。综合这些发现，形成以下三章，既贯穿生育实践过程，又各有侧重。

第二章聚焦生育决策过程，旨在分析女性主体所处的多层场域，细剖其中国家政策的宏观导向、传统观念的柔性控制、家庭场域的权力作用与女性主体的生育意愿，呈现决策中权力关系的交叠与冲突。

第三章深入孕产实践过程，主要着眼于现代医疗场域与女性主体实践。医疗场域建构于现代医疗技术与话语体系，形成新的权力关系网络，从而影响女性的身体实践。而在复杂场域之中，女性主体获得个人身体经验，并在面对疼痛与私密时不断调适自我认知与控制，面对即将发生的身份转变，建构起对被赋予的“母亲”“病人”“弱者”等新身份的自我认同。

第四章细究生育知识的生产与互动过程，探究月嫂这一新参与者和网络这一新场域如何打破传统的知识生产与传承秩序，如何形成新的惯习，并在此基础上理解传统与现代的冲突与融合。

结论综合全文，对于整个生育实践过程中的所存在的权力场域、主体认知与知识生产问题予以整体思考和总结。

Childbearing, as a social practice of reproduction of human beings, entraps a wide range of power relations such as gender, culture, politics, and society. In its essence, this kind of social practice is reflected in the physical practice of female subjects. From the theoretical perspectives of gender and body, this  thesis targets on “subject cognition and construction” and “knowledge inheritance and production”, which are key research perspectives in the field of folklore in recent years and conducts a case study on urban economic women in Jinan and Yantai, Shandong Province. It aims to explore a series of specific practice activities of women subjects from birth decision-making to pregnancy and childbirth, and better understand the female body, the power relationship presented by the body, the subject’ s cognition and knowledge production on the basis of the inclusive interpretation of the traditional and the contemporary, and that of public space and private fields. The full text begins with the introduction, and is further divided into four chapters. A unified conclusion is drawn and presented as the last part.

The introduction starts from an experience of observing the practice of fertility. It clarifies the origin of the research, critically reviews the relevant studies at home and abroad from the perspectives of gender, body, and process, and constructs the theoretical framework for the study.

The first chapter first gives a general description of the field process, by explaining the two specific paths of the field, and describing the resulting field experience and problem thinking process. The first path is adopted to investigate the family field. The interviews with female relatives of the subjects reveal the power relations and traditional disciplines in the family field hidden by their “subtle narrative strategy”; the observations and interviews in the online community reveal that the virtual "vest" protects privacy and help present the physical experience and self-cognition of the female subjects.The second path focuses on the medical field. The observations show the huge impact the medical field has on the habitual production and specific practice of modern fertility. The following three chapters provide a comprehensive analysis on the process of fertility practice, each chapter  focusing on  a distinctive aspect.

The second chapter focuses on the process of fertility decision-making.It analyzes the multiple fields where female subjects are, and explores the roles that the macro-orientedness of the national policies, the invisible control of traditional concepts and the power in the family field play in female subject’s willingness of childbearing. Besides, the overlapping and confrontation among various power relations are presented.

 The third chapter goes into the practice process of pregnancy and childbirth, mainly focusing on the modern medical field and female subject practice. The medical field is constructed on contemporary medical technology and discourse system, forming a new power relation network to influence women's physical practice. In the complex field, otherwise, female subjects gain personal physical experience, and constantly adjust their self-recognition and control when facing pain and privacy and build their self-identification when faced with a series of new identities like “patient” and “mother”.

 The fourth chapter examines the production and interaction process of fertility knowledge in detail, illustrating how the concubine as a new participant and the network as a new field break the traditional order of knowledge production and inheritance, and how a new habituation is formed, hence understand the conflict and integration of tradition and modernity.

The conclusion summarizes the whole study and gives an overall consideration and summary of the power fields, subject cognition and knowledge production issues in the entire process of fertility practice.