抗战胜利后，为解决最高军事领导机构长期存在的问题，应对新的国内外形势，国民政府决定撤销军事委员会，设立国防部为最高军事领导机关。这一改革原本具有很大的进步意义，也为国民政府的国防现代化建设作出了一定贡献。然而因蒋介石为掌握军权因人设事、过分强调美国经验等原因导致国防部运转过程中问题重重，最终未能达到预期的目的。

After the Anti-Japanese war, the National Government decided to repeal the Military Commission, in order to solve the inherent problems and adapt to the new circumstances. Thus, the Department of Defense was set to be the most powerful leading military body. This reformation ought to have great progressive significance. It also contributed to the modernization of national defense of the National Government. However, the reformation has gone too far from the present conditions. With Chiang Kai-shek 's monarchy and overemphasizing the American experience, it didn't work well at last.