生物科学史记录科学知识的产生、发展及系统化的过程，其中体现科学研究方法与科学思维方式，利于培养中学生良好生物科学素养。诺贝尔生理学奖或医学奖百年来记录了生命科学史上最核心、最具代表性的科学研究工作和经历，普遍受社会关注，具有独特教学意义。经过前期问卷调查与查阅文献资料，本文以诺贝尔奖背后的生物学故事作为选修课开发的题材，选取与诺贝尔奖相关的生物科学史话题，其中包括人类攻克流行病的历史，生物科学领域的突破性研究工作与进展，针对中学生而设计10讲相关课程，本文制作成果以课程PPT与大纲组成，作为投入教学实验的主要参考内容依据，旨在结合科学理论和人文精神，为学生还原历史环境下的生物知识产生的过程和科学家科研历程，帮助学生更深入理解科学本质，培养科学兴趣，培养合作与创新意识。

For high school students, learning the historical science of biology is helpful to expand the knowledge and form the biological scientific literacy. The history of biological science based on the Nobel prize of physiology or medicine has recorded the most representative of scientific research works and experiences in life science, it can provide educative resources. The paper is a primary attempt to exploit 10 elective curriculums based on the history of the Nobel prize of physiology or medicine works for senior high school, helping students understand the nature of scientific knowledge and the general methods of biological science research through the experiences of scientific research and cultivating the students' consciousness of participation and innovation.