近年来特殊儿童的教育和生活逐渐受到国家重视，十九大明确提出要办好特殊教育。我国的第二次残疾人抽样调查显示，残疾人口己经达到了8296万，其中12%是儿童和青少年。特殊儿童的神经系统结构及功能障碍导致他们在参与体育活动时受限较多，若不进行系统训练，将带来体质和健康问题，因此需要及时采取提升智力障碍儿童体质的措施。

体育教育承担着增强学生体质的重任，培智学校运动与保健课的广泛开展有利于改善学生的健康状况。运动与保健课的密度和运动负荷是衡量课堂效果的有效指标，合理安排运动与保健课密度及运动负荷有助于提高智力障碍儿童体质健康。

本研究采用测量法及观察法，选取北京市某培智学校5名7-8岁中轻度智力障碍儿童作为研究对象，对智力障碍儿童运动与保健课进行12周的录像观察（每周一次），分析课程密度，并对学生进行心率监测。

研究结果表明：

1.运动与保健课内容结构符合培智学校课程内容的水平一要求（1-3年级），切合培智学校义务教育课程标准。整体课程时间安排较为合理，但存在基本部分时间偏长，结束部分时间过短的问题。

2.运动与保健课整体密度分布较为合理，但教师指导密度低于合理范围，且基本部分的学生练习密度偏低。新授课的教师指导密度、观察帮助密度以及不合理时间较复习课高；但复习课的学生练习密度和组织措施密度要高于新授课。从学生个体来看，5名学生练习密度均处于合理区间，仅儿童3一般密度低于90%。

3.运动与保健课学生运动负荷处于合理区间范围，平均心率为129次/min，但基本部分心率较低，仅117次/min。复习课运动负荷高于新授课运动负荷，各个学生的平均心率均随着干预时间的增长而升高。

In recent years, the education and life of children with special needs have gradually attracted the attention of the state. China's second sample survey of disabled people shows that the disabled population has reached 82.96 million, of which 12 percent are children and teenagers. The structural and functional disorders of the nervous system of special children lead to their limited participation in sports activities. Without systematic training, it will bring physical and health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to take timely measures to improve the physical fitness of children with intellectual disabilities.

Physical education undertakes the important task of strengthening students' physique, and the extensive development of sports and health care courses in intellectual schools is conducive to improving students' health conditions. The density and exercise load of exercise and health care class are effective indexes to measure the classroom effect. Reasonable arrangement of exercise and health care class density and exercise load is helpful to improve the physical health of children with mental retardation.

In this study, 5 children with mild mental retardation aged 7-8 years old were selected as the research objects in a school for mental retardation in Beijing. The exercise and health care classes of children with mental retardation were observed by video for 12 weeks (once a week), the course density was analyzed, and the heart rate of the students was monitored.

The results show that:

1. The content structure of sports and health care courses conforms to the level 1 requirements of the curriculum content of mental education schools (grades 1-3), and conforms to the curriculum standards of compulsory education in mental education schools. The overall course time arrangement is reasonable, but the basic part is too long and the end part is too short.

2. The overall density distribution of sports and health courses is reasonable, but the density of teachers' guidance is lower than the reasonable range, and the density of students' practice in the basic part is low; The density of teachers' guidance, observation and help and unreasonable time of new teaching were higher than those of recitation. However, the practice density and organizational measure density of recitation class are higher than that of new class. From the perspective of individual students, the practice density of 5 students is all in a reasonable range, and only the general density of 3 children is lower than 90%.

3. The exercise load of the students in Sports and Health Care was within a reasonable range, with an average heart rate of 129 times /min, but the heart rate of the basic part was low, only 117 times /min; The exercise load of the review class was higher than that of the new class, and the average heart rate of each student increased with the increase of intervention time.