习近平总书记提到要在高质量发展中促进共同富裕。高质量发展是以人才为中心的发展，要提升全社会的人力资本质量和专业技能。习近平总书记也提到低收入人群是促进共同富裕的重点帮扶对象。低收入人群又是社会救助的重点对象。因此帮助低收入人群就业为全社会的人力资本做出贡献，可以促进共同富裕的实现。目前我国基本形成了具有中国特色的“8+1”社会救助政策体系，但随着社会救助发展，人们担心该举措会产生受助者只依靠救助而不去工作的问题。

本文梳理了国内外社会救助对于就业的影响的相关研究，发现已有的研究结论不尽相同，部分学者认为会降低其就业积极性，另一部分学者持中立和相反意见。对既有文献的梳理发现，从长期视角研究社会救助对于就业的影响的文献不足，基于时间依赖论，本文引入了长期的视角对社会救助和就业的关系进行探索。1980年以来，我国已经从单一的正规就业模式转变为正规就业和非正规就业并存的就业模式。同时目前已有文献对社会救助和就业类型（正规就业和非正规就业）的关系研究不足。因此本文提出研究的问题：长期享受社会救助与就业和就业类型之间的关系是什么？社会救助是否导致了福利依赖的产生？

本文采用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2010-2018年的数据构建了面板数据，使用倾向值匹配和双重差分相结合（PSM-DID）的统计方法，验证了长期享受社会救助对于城市人口就业的影响，同时基于人口特征理论检验了社会救助对于不同人口特征的城市人口就业的影响。研究发现1.获得社会救助会显著降低城市人口就业的可能性，个体获得社会救助后会倾向选择不就业和非正规就业。城市人口获得社会救助的时间长度对于就业状态和就业类型存的影响在差异性。短期享受社会救助对于城市人口就业状态和就业类型的影响不显著；而长期享受社会救助对于城市人口的就业状态和就业类型的影响具有显著的负向影响，长期享受社会救助的城市人口倾向于选择不就业和非正规就业。2.基于人口特征分组后的模型结果，获得社会救助对于性别为女性、年龄为56岁以上、婚姻状况为在婚、受教育程度比较低、自述健康状况差的群体的就业呈现显著的负向效应，这些群体倾向选择不就业以及非正规就业。3.获得社会救助导致了福利依赖产生。针对社会救助对就业产生的负向效应以及出现的福利依赖问题，对于现行的政策给予相应的建议：一是继续完善社会救助政策，发挥社会救助体系安全网作用。二是建立综合性的就业支持政策。三是发挥多元主体力量，助力托举受助者。

President Xi Jinping mentioned the need to promote common prosperity through high-quality development. High-quality development is a talent-centered development that needs to improve the quality of human capital and professional skills of the whole society. He also mentioned that low-income people are the key target of helping to promote common prosperity. Low-income people are the focus of social assistance. Therefore, helping low-income people to find jobs contributes to the human capital of the whole society, which can promote the realization of common prosperity. At present, China has basically formed an "8+1" social assistance policy system with Chinese characteristics. However, with the development of social assistance, people are worried that this measure will lead to the problem that recipients only rely on assistance rather than work.

This paper reviews relevant studies on the impact of social assistance on employment at home and abroad, and finds that existing research conclusions are not the same. One view believes that assistance will reduce their enthusiasm for employment, and the other view believes that it will not reduce their enthusiasm. After reviewing the existing literature, it is found that there are insufficient literatures on the impact of social assistance on employment from a long-term perspective. Based on the theory of time dependence, this paper introduces a long-term perspective to explore the relationship between social assistance and employment. Since 1980, China has changed from a single mode of formal employment to a mode of coexistence of formal employment and informal employment. At the same time, the existing literature has not studied the relationship between social assistance and employment type (formal employment and informal employment). Therefore, this paper raises the research question: What is the relationship between long-term access to social assistance and employment and employment types? Does social assistance lead to welfare dependency?

This paper uses the data of China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018 to construct panel data, and uses the statistical method of propensity value matching and combined difference of difference (PSM-DID) to verify the impact of long-term social assistance on urban population employment. At the same time, based on the theory of population characteristics, it examines the influence of social assistance on the employment of urban population with different population characteristics. Research findings: 1. Access to social assistance significantly reduces the employment possibility of urban population, and individuals tend to choose non-employment and informal employment after receiving social assistance. The length of time urban population gets social assistance has different influence on employment status and employment type. Short-term social assistance has no significant effect on the employment status and employment type of urban population; However, long-term social assistance has a significant negative impact on the employment status and employment type of urban population. Urban people who enjoy long-term social assistance tend to choose non-employment and informal employment. 2. Based on the results of the model after demographic grouping, social assistance has a significant negative effect on the employment of female, over 56 years old, married, less educated, and self-reported poor health, and these groups tend to choose non-employment and informal employment. 3. Access to social assistance leads to welfare dependency. In view of the negative effect of social assistance on employment and the problem of welfare dependence, corresponding suggestions are given to the current policies: first, continue to improve the social assistance policy and give play to the role of social assistance system as a safety net. Second, we will establish comprehensive policies to support employment. Third, give full play to the strength of multiple subjects to help lift the recipients.