野生物种贸易指以野生物资源为商品的买卖和交易行为，是生物多样性保护和可持续发展的核心议题之一。鸟类作为世界三大最受欢迎宠物类群之一，其贸易多为活体贸易，在野生动物贸易中占据重要地位。中国由于鸟类资源丰富且养鸟历史悠久，作为鸟类贸易的热点国家之一受到普遍关注。

本研究重点关注中国鸟类的贸易情况，包括野生鸟类的贸易和人工养殖鸟类的贸易，以及公众对鸟类的消费意愿和消费态度，并分析可能的影响因素，旨在判断贸易对鸟类野生种群的受胁程度并提出相关的管理建议，以促进中国鸟类贸易的可持续发展。

本研究涉及中国鸟类贸易的各个环节，分别从鸟类贸易的供应端和消费端切入，分析中国鸟类贸易状况和公众对鸟类的消费需求。通过访谈和问卷的形式以中国鹦鹉养殖产业作为中国鸟类人工繁育产业典型代表分析其发展情况。通过实地调研的方式对中国典型鸟市进行调查，分析中国鸟类市场的时空变化。通过问卷对中国公众的鸟类消费选择偏好及行为倾向进行调查，分析公众的消费需求及对鸟类贸易市场的影响。

本研究主要结论如下：

（1）目前传统的线下鸟类市场仍为鸟类贸易的主流模式，也有部分鸟类销售渠道来源于电商平台和社交媒体平台。

（2）市场中鸟类以鹦鹉和鸣禽为主，占鸟类种数的93.7%。市场中野生鸟类的种类较多，但数量相对不大，占鸟类总数的15.3%。人工养殖的鸟类种类较为有限，但数量相对较大，占鸟类总数的84.6%。由于疫情、鸟市整顿等原因，与往年调查结果相比，本次调查中野生鸟类的种类和数量有明显的下降。

（3）中国的鹦鹉人工养殖产业发展较为成熟，占据很大部分的鸟类市场。尽管目前中国的鹦鹉养殖产业发展存在诸多问题，但有较大的上升空间。市场调查结果显示养殖鹦鹉或可成为对野生鸟类的有效替代，应在保障鹦鹉养殖合法合规的前提下，应鼓励中国鹦鹉养殖产业的可持续发展。

（3）半数以上的调研对象家庭存在饲养鸟类行为。离退休人员中饲养鸟类的比例较大。多数的调研对象出于对鸟类的喜爱或出于鸟类的陪伴作用而产生饲养鸟类行为。调研对象表现出对鹦鹉显著偏好，此外，拥有数千年饲养观赏历史被称作“四大笼养鸟”的点颏、百灵、画眉、绣眼，以及文鸟、丝雀也是多数调研对象的偏好选择。

（4）受疫情舆论和相关国家法律政策变动的影响，调研对象表现出较高的公共健康安全意识和野生鸟类保护意识，且普遍表现出对鸟类市场整顿的支持意向。总体来看，调研对象对相关的法律法规、许可证要求及法律政策变动仍然缺少足够的认知和关注度。

（5）应大力开展野生动物相关法律普及和对野生鸟类保护的舆论宣传工作，加强对公众的鸟类消费行为的引导。严厉打击、取缔非法野生鸟类交易，将稳固、规范的鸟类贸易市场的建立纳入长期工作规划，推动中国鸟类贸易的可持续发展。

Trade in wild species refers to the buying, selling and trading of wildlife resources as commodities, which is one of the core issues of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. As one of the three most popular pets in the world, the trade of birds is mostly live trade, which occupies an important position in wildlife trade. China, with its rich bird resources and long history of bird breeding, has received widespread attention as one of the hot countries for bird trade.

This study focuses on the trade of birds in China, including the trade of wild birds and the trade of captive-bred birds, as well as the public's willingness and attitudes toward bird consumption, and analyzes possible influencing factors, in order to determine the degree of threat to wild populations of birds from trade and suggest relevant management recommendations to promote the sustainable development of bird trade in China.

This study covers all aspects of China's bird trade, starting from the supply side and the consumption side of the bird trade, respectively, to analyze the status of China's bird trade and the public's consumption demand for birds. The development of China's parrot breeding industry as a typical representative of China's artificial breeding bird industry is analyzed by means of interviews and questionnaires. The temporal and spatial changes of the Chinese bird market were analyzed by means of field research on typical bird markets in China. A survey on the bird consumption choice preferences and behavioral tendencies of the Chinese public was conducted through questionnaires to analyze the public's consumption demand and its impact on the bird trade market.

The main conclusions of this study are as follows:

(1) At present, traditional offline bird markets are still the mainstream mode of bird trade, but there are also some bird sales channels like e-commerce platforms and social media platforms.

(2) The results of the bird market survey found that birds in the market were dominated by parrots and songbirds, accounting for 93.7% of the number of bird species. There are more species of wild birds in the market, but the number is relatively small, accounting for 15.3% of the total number of birds. Artificially-bred birds are more limited in species, but relatively large in number, accounting for 84.6% of the total number of birds. Due to the epidemic, bird market consolidation and other reasons, there was a significant decline in the species and number of wild birds in this survey compared to the results of previous years.

(3) China's parrot captive breeding industry is relatively well developed and occupies a large portion of the bird market. Although there are many problems in the development of China's parrot breeding industry at present, there will be more opportunity for the future development. The current market survey results show that breeding parrots may become an effective alternative to wild birds, and the sustainable development of China's parrot breeding industry should be encouraged under the premise that parrot breeding is legal and compliant.

(4) More than half of the households surveyed had bird-keeping behavior. A larger proportion of retired people kept birds. Most of the survey sample had bird-keeping behavior out of love for birds or because of the companionship of birds. Most of the respondents showed a preference for parrots. In addition, four most popular "Caged Birds", which have been kept for thousands of years, were preferred, including Siberian Rubythroat, Bluethroat, thrush, White-eye. Some common artificially-bred birds like mannikin and canary are also preferred.

(5) Influenced by the public opinion of the epidemic and changes in relevant national laws and policies, the survey respondents showed a relative high awareness of public health and safety and wild bird protection, and generally showed their intention to support the rectification of the bird market. Overall, the research respondents still lacked sufficient knowledge and attention to relevant laws and regulations, certificates and legal policy changes.

(6) Efforts should be made to popularize wildlife-related laws and public opinion propaganda on wild bird protection, and to strengthen the guidance of the public's bird consumption behavior. The establishment of a solid and standardized bird trade market should be incorporated into the long-term work plan to promote the sustainable development of China's bird trade by severely combating and banning illegal wild bird trade.