城市用地是城市居民生活的基本空间，也是城市经济活动的载体。在城市化发展加速的背景下，土地资源的供需矛盾日益剧烈，影响着生产、生活、生态的协调发展，更影响着高质量、可持续的城市化进程。本研究以中国大陆260个城市为研究对象，在明确城市实际不透水边界的基础上，融合多源数据，准确评估2000–2015年中国城市的城市土地利用效率及生态系统服务价值，并采用数理统计分析等方法定量分析两者的时空动态变化特征。在此基础上，本研究通过探讨两者的时空异质性，揭示城市开发过程中社会经济效益同生态成本之间的关系，为中国城市土地管理及可持续发展提供政策建议。本文的主要研究内容与结论如下：（1）中国城市土地利用现状。基于土地利用转移矩阵、土地单一/综合利用动态度，景观扩张指数等方法，详细分析了中国城市土地扩张模式、利用规模及结构特征。2000–2015年，中国城市的土地扩张依赖于耕地开发，城市主导的扩张模式由边缘型逐步演变为填充型。中国城市土地面积增长了136.0%，研究初期东部地区扩张剧烈，后期中西部的中小城市扩张速度加快。（2）中国城市土地利用效率评估。基于城市不透水边界，构建空间边界一致的城市土地利用效率评估模型，利用泰尔指数、变异系数、空间自相关、冷热点分析等方法，从扩张视角下揭示城市土地利用效率的时空动态特征。结果表明，中国城市土地利用效率的圈层特征、空间差异及规模效应显著，在空间上呈现“小聚集、大分散”状态，冷热点分布与中国三级阶梯地理特征相吻合。研究期间，中国城市土地利用效率呈现波动上升特征。中部和西部地区特大城市、大城市的土地利用效率增长较快。东北地区土地利用效率增长较慢，甚至在EBUA（2005–2010）圈层有所下降。（3）中国城市生态系统服务价值评估。在空间修正的基础上，利用当量因子法对大尺度下的城市各圈层的生态系统服务价值进行货币化评估，并分别从整体、不同服务类型、不同生态系统等角度分析时空动态变化特征。研究结果表明，中国城市生态系统服务价值与城市土地利用效率的圈层分布特征及变化趋势相反，各圈层生态系统服务价值密度呈现持续下降趋势，在空间上呈现南北分布的差异性格局。中国农田、森林生态系统受土地城市化影响最大，食物生产、保持土壤这两项服务的价值受损严重。（4）生态成本和社会经济效益分析。运用双变量空间自相关、四象限分析法等探讨城市土地利用效率与生态系统服务价值两者之间的静态与动态、时间与空间的关系，并通过新增GDP的生态系统服务价值损失评估城市土地开发过程中的社会经济效益同生态成本之间的关系。中国城市土地利用效率和城市生态系统服务价值在空间上形成低低、低高、高低、高高的ULUE-ESV特征。研究期间，中国城市大多表现为UIED型，倾向于以牺牲生态环境提升土地利用效率，空间差异格局逐渐向不显著转变。在土地城市化过程中，中国整体填充型扩张模式、荒地开发方式下的城市生态成本较低，但不同区域、不同规模的城市在不同扩张阶段、不同扩张模式、不同土地开发模式下的差异显著。相比较而言，东部地区小城市每万元新增GDP的生态系统服务价值成本高达0.30万元，远远高于中国整体平均水平0.01万元。部分城市甚至由高生态成本发展模式转变为经济、生态均不可持续的发展模式。

Urban land is the carrier of socio-economic activities and the fundamental living space for residents. The inequity between the supply and demand of land resources is worsening in the context of accelerated urbanization, affecting high-quality and sustainable urbanization. When embarking on a new path of socialist modernization, achieving the coordinated development of production, life and ecology is an inherent requirement for the construction of an ecological civilization and an unavoidable prerequisite for high-quality development. In order to accurately assess the urban land use efficiency (ULUE) and ecosystem service value (ESV) of Chinese cities from 2000 to 2015, this study integrates multi-source data, unifies the actual spatial boundaries of land, population and economy, takes 260 cities in mainland China as research objects, and systematically analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics using traditional statistical analysis methods and spatial analysis methods. Then, the study explores the spatial and temporal trade-offs between the value of urban ecological services and land use efficiency through the analysis of ecological costs, thereby providing policy recommendations for urban land management and sustainable urban development in China. The main research contents and findings of this paper are as follows: (1) Analysis of urban land use/ cover change (LUCC) in China. Based on the land use transfer matrix, the single/integrated land use dynamic attitude and the landscape expansion index, the urban land expansion pattern, scale and structural characteristics of China were analyzed in detail. During 2000–2015, the dominant urban expansion pattern gradually shifted from edge expansion to infilling. China's urban land expansion was too rapid, with land area increasing by 136.0%. In the beginning, the expansion was dramatic in the eastern region, but it accelerated in the middle and western small and medium-sized cities by the end. In terms of LUCC, land expansion in China's cities relied on arable land. (2) Assessment of urban land use efficiency (ULUE) in China. Based on the concept of urban physical region, an assessment model of ULUE with consistent spatial boundaries was built, and methods such as the Thiel index, coefficient of variation, spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were used to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of urban land use efficiency from an expansion perspective. The circle characteristics, spatial differences and scale effects of Chinese cities were significant. ULUE gradually decreased from the inside outward, showing "small aggregation and large dispersion" in space, and the distribution of cold hotspots was consistent with the geographical characteristics of China's three-stage ladder. During 2000–2015, China's ULUE showed a fluctuating increase trend. The ULUE of megacities and large cities in the central and western regions grew faster, while it in the northeast region grew more slowly and even declined. (3) Evaluation of urban ecosystem service value (ESV) in China. On the basis of spatial correction, the equivalent factor method was used to monetize the value of ecosystem services of urban circles at large scales, and to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamics from the perspective of the whole, different service types and different ecosystems respectively. In China, the distribution and variation characteristics of the ESV and ULUE were inverse. The density of ESV in each circle layer exhibited a continuous decreasing trend with a north-to-south distribution pattern. During the study period, changes in ESV were primarily influenced by LUCC, with a significant amount of forest and arable land being converted into construction land, and the density of ESV for food production and soil conservation decreasing sharply.(4) Analysis of ecological cost and socio-economic benefit of urban land development. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation and four-quadrant analysis were used to explore relationships between ULUE and ESV in China from a static and dynamic, temporal and spatial standpoint. And the cost of ESV per 10 thousand of new GDP was used to weigh the ecological costs against socio-economic benefits. Cities exhibited five types of ULUE-ESV patterns: high-high, high-low, low-low, low-high, and insignificant clusters, which are influenced by both spatial heterogeneity and density. During the study period, most Chinese cities tended to enhance land use efficiency at the expense of the ecological environment and behaved in a UIED type, with the pattern of spatial differences gradually shifting towards insignificance. In the process of land urbanization, the urban ecological cost was lower under the infill expansion model and wasteland development approach in China. However, the ecological costs varied significantly among cities at different stages, regions, scales, expansion patterns and land use/cover changes. The ecological costs of certain expansion or development patterns in some cities are much higher than the average, and even the development model with high ecological costs has changed to one that is not economically and ecologically.