爆竹源生于我国。它从最初人类为了避邪驱鬼应时而生，到今天作为节日吉祥、热闹、喜庆和欢乐的载体，历经2000多年，已成为我国传统民俗的重要组成部分。然而，随着现代化的发展，环境保护和生命财产安全意识的强化，以及爆竹制作原料与工艺的演变，爆竹给人类带来的负面影响也越来越为人们所认知。爆竹已成为当前影响社会公共安全的重要致灾因子之一。本文从灾害民俗学的角度，运用民俗学、灾害系统理论和历史学的研究方法对爆竹灾害民俗进行探讨。首先，从民俗学、历史学的角度，考证爆竹民俗从源生到现代社会的发展，从传承我国悠久民俗历史文化的角度出发，对爆竹民俗所蕴含的文化价值给予了充分肯定。其次，基于统计数据和实例，对爆竹火灾、爆炸和环境污染灾害进行分析，对既是致灾因子又是承灾体的人类，自明代到现代社会，调控爆竹灾害的历史进程进行了阐述分析，得出禁放的调控政策难以推行，只有因势利导实行限放政策才顺乎民意的结论。接着，引入爆竹民俗灾害链的概念，并根据链中各灾种之间的关系和不同作用，将爆竹灾害链划分为爆竹-火灾灾害链、爆竹-环境污染灾害链、爆竹-爆炸灾害链。最后以2009年2月9日中央电视台新址爆竹火灾为例，对典型爆竹灾害运用灾害系统理论进行研究，得出人为因素才是爆竹民俗灾害发生的主要致灾因子的结论。基于上述研究，本文从孕灾环境的稳定性、致灾因子的风险性和承灾体的脆弱性等方面对爆竹灾害的链式反应提出相应的减灾对策：一是应对爆竹-火灾灾害链，首要任务是从燃放者入手，避开火灾孕灾环境，选择火灾隐患少的指定空间燃放；同时社区要合理规划建筑布局，降低承灾体的脆弱性。二是减少或避免爆竹-爆炸灾害链，一方面是国家要把对企业的安全生产监管作为调控重点，爆竹企业要把提高烟花爆竹产品质量和对生产、经营环节的工作人员进行安全意识和技术培训作为重点；另一方面是加强对爆竹经营者和燃放者安全操作的督促检查，从而减轻或避免人员伤亡。三是降低或杜绝爆竹-环境污染灾害链，首要任务是提高爆竹制作技术和工艺，用无烟、无污染的新型爆竹取代传统工艺爆竹。同时，科学规范爆竹生产标准，严禁声响过大爆竹产品的生产，并加强对燃放时空的监管力度。总之，只要建立一个科学合理的爆竹灾害民俗风险管理体系，可以有效调控爆竹灾害民俗，从而达到保护传统民俗文化与安全管理双赢的目的。

Firecrackers originated in our country. With the development for 2000 years, firecrackers had been developed from the motive for avoiding evil and driving spook originally to the carrier of luck, happiness and liveliness for festival. It had become one of the important components of our traditional folk custom. However, at present, with the development of modernization, people’s strengthening sense of environment protection, life and wealth security and the evolvement of the firecrackers’ material and technology, people had perceived the firecrackers’ bad influence on human. The firecrackers folk custom was also one of the important hazards influencing the public emergency securities.From the disaster & folk custom culture angle, the paper discussed the firecrackers folk custom & disaster, exerting the methods of folklore, disaster system theory and history study. First, from the angles of folklore and history, the paper followed the trail of the firecrackers folk custom’s development systematically from Chunqiu era to the present day. In order to send our country’s folk custom and history culture, the paper affirmed the firecrackers folk custom’s cultural value plenty. Secondly, based on the statistics data and actual examples, the paper analyzed the firecrackers fire, explosion and environment pollution disasters. At the same time, the paper expounded the courses of the firecrackers disaster and the human’s control from the Ming dynasty to our era. It came to the conclusion that the policy of prohibition can’t put into practice and only the limit policy accorded with public opinion. Next, it broached the concept of the firecrackers folk custom & disaster chains. Based on the kinds of disasters’ different connections and actions, the paper analyzed the three aspects of the firecrackers-fire disaster chains, firecrackers-explosion disaster chains and firecrackers-environment pollution disaster chains. At last, the paper taking the firecrackers fire of the central television station’s new site on 2,9,09 as an example, analyzed the typical firecracker disaster, using the disaster system theory, and reached the conclusion that artificial factors were the main hazard for the firecrackers folk custom & disaster.Based on the foregoing research, the paper addressed the disaster reduction measures correspondingly from the aspects of the hazard’s risks, hazard-for-motive environment’s stability and hazard affected human and resources system’s vulnerability. First, dealing with the firecrackers-fire disaster chains, we should start to administer the setting-off persons, let them keep away from the fire hazard-for-motive environment and choose the appointed room as the setting-off point, which almost didn’t have the fire latent disaster. At the same time, the community should program the building positions with reason, for reducing the hazard affected human and resources system’s vulnerability. Secondly, reducing or avoiding the firecrackers-explosion disaster chains, our country should take the monitoring and management for the corporation’s safe production as the emphasis during the production control. While, the firecrackers producing corporations should improve the firecrackers’ quality, strengthen the safety sense and improve the technology education for the workers who worked at producing and managing fields. On the other hand, we should strengthen the monitoring and check for managing person and setting-off person when they practiced safe operation, in order to reduce or avoid the person loss. Thirdly, reducing or stopping firecrackers-environment pollution disaster chains, we should improve the firecrackers producing technology and skill chiefly, and use the new type firecrackers, which had no smoke and pollution, to replace the traditional firecrackers. At the same time, we should make the firecrackers’ producing standard scientifically, prohibit the firecrackers production strictly which had excessive voice, and strengthen the monitoring and managing force aiming at the setting-off space. In a word, as long as we set up a scientific and rational hazard management system of firecrackers folk custom & disaster, we would control the firecracker folk custom & disaster effectively. Consequently, we would come to the double aims that were protecting the traditional folk custom culture and safe management.