我国证券资本市场取得长足发展的同时，类似于发达国家成熟市场一样，在成长发展的过程中，各种问题层出不断，如财务舞弊问题，如影随形。据中国证监会（www.crsc.org.cn）的统计，自2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日，中国证监会近十年间共发出行政处罚计 721 例，其中涉及财务数据及披露舞弊 142 例，财务舞弊现象较为严重。上市公司财务舞弊行为，随着财务舞弊事件的引爆，不仅给上市公司自身带来重大损害，也给财务报告及披露信息使用者如各类投资人带来重大损失，同时也阻碍了我国证券资本市场的健康发展。 本文提出了关键人员失信是进行财务舞弊的前提条件的观点，并结合舞弊三角理论构建了财务舞弊案例分析逻辑框架。关键人员失信、压力/动机、机会成为财务舞弊三大成因。以上市公司珠海市博元投资股份有限公司财务舞弊事件为例，剖析其财务舞弊的三大成因，关键人员失信为舞弊前提条件；保住既得利益或获取超额利益构成舞弊压力/动机；公司内部控制失效为舞弊提供了内部机会，中介服务失责、监管体系失善为舞弊创造了外部机会。针对财务舞弊成因，提出深化市场诚信体系建设、强化上市公司内控建设、提升中介服务质量、完善上市公司监管体系建设四点建议。深化市场诚信体系建设，监管（国家）层面力主保障、企业层面力主应用、个人层面力主自律，形成三位一体的市场诚信体系。监管（国家）以常利保障和引导，企业和个人因常利而遵守。加强上市公司内控建设，监管部门出台上市公司内控建设指导性文件，明确上市公司内部控制信息披露内容和形式，并要求上市公司提供中介机构出具的内部控制审计报告，从而实现加强上市公司内部控制建设的目的。提升中介服务质量，监管部门需要做好与中介机构主管部门协同，引导和监督中介机构加强自身业务能力建设，出具相关文件保障中介机构合理收入及执业独立性，并通过定期核查方式加强中介机构执业水平监管。完善上市公司监管体系建设，做到“有规可依，有规必依，执规必严，违规必究。”完善IPO、退市、中小投资者保护、财务舞弊处罚等监管制度。强化监管手段，提高监管效能。建议建立对经济活动全覆盖发票电子信息库，与现有税控系统、银行资金交易电子信息、物流电子信息等结合起来，立体还原经济活动真实原貌，以便于穿透式监管，让财务舞弊等违法行为无所遁形。强化事中事后监管力度，通过依法监管、从严执行、违法必究来实现市场的公平、公正性，树立广大投资者对证券资本市场信心。

While China's securities capital market has made great progress, similar to the mature markets of developed countries, in the process of growth and development, various problems emerge in endlessly, such as financial fraud, such as shadow. According to the China securities regulatory commission ( www. crsc. org. cn ) statistics, from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016, China securities regulatory commission issued a total of 721 cases of administrative penalties, including 142 cases involving financial data and disclosure fraud, financial fraud is more serious. Financial fraud of listed companies, along with the initiation of financial fraud, not only brings great damage to listed companies themselves, but also brings great losses to users of financial reports and disclosure information, such as all kinds of investors, and also seriously affects the development of China's securities capital market. This paper puts forward the view that the dishonesty of key personnel and weak legal awareness are the prerequisite for financial fraud. On the basis of fraud triangle theory, combined with the above point of view, the logical framework of financial fraud case analysis is constructed. This paper puts forward three major causes of financial fraud, key personnel dishonesty, motivation / pressure, opportunity. Taking the financial fraud of Zhuhai boyuan investment co., ltd as an example, this paper analyzes the three major causes of financial fraud, and the dishonesty of key personnel is the precondition of fraud. Pressure to preserve vested interests constitutes a motive for fraud; The failure of internal control of the company creates internal opportunities for fraud, and the failure of intermediary service and supervision system provides external opportunities for fraud. In view of the causes of financial fraud, this paper puts forward four suggestions on the construction of market integrity system, strengthening the internal control construction of listed companies, improving the quality of intermediary services, and improving the supervision system of listed companies. Build a market integrity system, the national level to advocate security, enterprise level to advocate the application, personal level to advocate self - discipline, the formation of a trinity of market integrity system. The state guarantees and guides with usury, and enterprises and individuals abide by it. To strengthen the internal control construction of listed companies, the regulatory authorities can strengthen the internal control construction of listed companies by guiding them to strengthen the internal control information disclosure of listed companies, and require intermediaries to express audit opinions on the effective implementation of internal control of listed companies, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening the internal control construction of listed companies. To improve the quality of intermediary services, the regulatory authorities need to do a good job in coordination with the competent department of intermediary institutions, guide and supervise the intermediary institutions to strengthen their own business capacity building, to protect the reasonable income of intermediary institutions, to protect the independence of intermediary institutions, strengthen the supervision of the practice level of intermediary institutions. Perfect listed company supervision system construction, a perfect supervision system should be able to meet the following conditions, " there are rules to follow, there are rules will be in accordance with, the implementation of rules will be strict, violations will be investigated. " improve the IPO, delisting, small and medium investors protection, financial fraud penalties and other regulatory systems. Strengthen supervision means, improve the efficiency of supervision. It is suggested to establish an electronic information base covering all economic activities, and combine it with the existing tax control system, electronic information of bank capital transaction, and electronic information of logistics, so as to restore the true appearance of economic activities in a three-dimensional way, so as to facilitate penetration supervision and prevent financial fraud and other illegal acts from hiding. Strengthen the supervision after the matter, through supervision according to law, strict implementation, illegal investigation to achieve the fairness and impartiality of the market, establish the majority of investors confidence in the securities capital market.