教育的发展状况是一个国家软实力的重要组成部分，关乎国家的前途和命运。对于一个孩子来说，教育要从孩子的小时候做起，所以在孩子上小学时候教育就显得很重要，但是就目前的中国乡村教育来说，水平并不高，学生基础薄弱且对学习兴趣不浓厚、家长忽视等因素己严重滞碍了学生以后的发展。怎样才能促进学生更好的学习，这就需要我们去寻找一些方法。 在小学的教育之中，小学计算数学的教育所占小学所有学科教育的比例是最大的，在每学期的教材之中，可以看出计算数学所占的内容几乎有一半，这还是不包括综合计算方面的内容。与此同时，学生在做综合运用题的时候计算数学所体现出的作用就非常之大，一个学生计算数学能力的大小会决定一个题目的解答。因此小学计算数学能力的提升和培养应该引起教师的重视，要通过合理科学的手段提高学生的计算数学的能力。 对于计算教学在小学数学教学中所占的比例上来看，仅从每册教材的目录可以明显看出计算教学在小学数学的教科书中占了一半的内容，还不包括综合运用中的计算。同时在各项综合运用题中，计算部分更是不可或缺，有时由于计算的失误还会影响到整个综合题的解答。所以从数的计算内容在小学数学课本和技能测试中的比重来说，也应当引起教师的重视。需要教师深入研究教材，利用合理的教学手段，使计算能力逐步提高。 布鲁姆提出的“掌握学习理论”，他认为，只要是经过老师正确的课堂教学，但凡智力正常的学生都能够达到掌握水平，就算是平时成绩不理想的学生，教师也要对他们进行相关的辅导，对这部分学生实行不间断的反馈矫正策略也是能使他们达到优等生的掌握水平的。反馈矫正策略就是当学生的反馈结果显示没有达到掌握水平时，教师就要分析其结果并采取相应的矫正策略，矫正之后再对学生测验，测验之后如若学生通过即该生达到了掌握水平，如若测验结果显示仍未通过，就要继续对学生进行再次矫正，直到学生通过平行测验即达到掌握水平为止。 第一、掌握学习理论在教育方面的应用可分为两个主要方面：一是对教师和学生的要求，教师做到“为掌握而教”，学生做到“为掌握而学”，这也是教育的准备阶段。二是，教育实施阶段的要求，对于学生要主动的去掌握知识，教师要按常规的方法去授课，明确教授内容的要点、难点。针对所有智力正常的学生，旨在提高他们的学习效率，促进他们学习成绩提高。因此，本文以布鲁姆的掌握学习理论为依托提出了两个研究问题：一是掌握学习理论在小学数学教学计算中的有效实施方法是什么？二是掌握学习理论在小学数学教学计算中的实施途径有哪些？本文通过问卷调查、观察法、文献研究和案例分析几种研究方法来进行掌握学习理论在小学数学计算教学中的应用研究得出三个结论：实施掌握学习理论教学的有效方法是运用诊断性测验。课堂及时反馈是实施掌握学习理论的有效途径之一，教师恰当的评价语是实施掌握学习理论的有效途径之二。

The development of education is an important part of a country's soft power, which is related to the country's future and destiny. Education should be started from childhood, and from childhood, the primary school education education stage appears particularly important. However, the basic education level of some rural schools in China is not high, and the students' foundation is weak, they have no strong interest in learning, parents neglect and other factors have seriously hindered the future development of students. How can we promote students to study better, which requires us to find some methods. As for the proportion of computational teaching in primary school mathematics teaching, it can be clearly seen from the catalogue of each textbook that computational teaching takes up half of the content in primary school mathematics textbooks, and does not include the calculation in comprehensive application. At the same time in the comprehensive use of the problem, the computational part is indispensable, sometimes due to the error of calculation will also affect the overall synthesis of the solution. Therefore, from the calculation of the number of the proportion in the primary school mathematics textbooks and skills tests, teachers should also pay attention. It is necessary for teachers to deeply study the teaching materials and use reasonable teaching methods to gradually improve their computing ability. Bloom put forward the "mastery learning theory", he thought, as long as it is after the teacher correct class teaching, but every students of normal intelligence to be able to achieve mastery level, even the students who are falling behind, correct guidance, through the teacher spend time continuous uninterrupted for this part of the students feedback correction strategy is to reach the level of mastery of them. Feedback correction strategy is when the students' feedback results show that there is no master level, teachers should analyze the results and take appropriate corrective strategy, after correction for students to test again, after the test if the student by the student reached the master level, if the test results show that still not through, will continue to undertake to the student to correct again, until it is performed at master level parallel test by. First, the application of learning theory in education can be divided into two main aspects: first, the requirements for teachers and students, teachers to "teach for mastery" and students to "learn for mastery", which is also the preparation stage of education. Secondly, the requirements of education implementation stage require students to grasp knowledge actively, and teachers should teach in the conventional way, and make clear the main points and difficulties of the teaching content. Aimed at all students with normal intelligence, it aims to improve their learning efficiency and improve their academic performance. Therefore, this paper proposes two research questions based on bloom's theory of mastery of learning. Second, grasp the learning theory in the primary school mathematics teaching calculation implementation ways what? Through questionnaire survey, observation, literature research and case analysis, this paper studies the application of learning theory in primary school mathematics calculation teaching and draws three conclusions: the effective method to implement learning theory teaching is to use diagnostic tests. Timely feedback in class is one of the effective ways to implement the learning theory. Teachers' proper evaluation is an effective way to implement the learning theory.