本文采取质性研究方法对北京师范大学2014级大学11名新生适应过程特征进行探究，寻找并分析其适应过程中遇到的主要问题，对影响他们适应的因素进行研究，在此基础上，探讨学校社会工作可能的介入思路。对11名北京师范大学2014级大学新生进行深度访谈的结果发现：这些访谈对象在第一学期的适应过程呈现出三种规律类型-U型规律、J型规律、水平线型规律，其中J型规律和水平线型规律与U型规律并不相悖；学习、人际关系、学习和社团活动的平衡是几个比较难适应的维度。适应影响因素方面，在通过对所有访谈对象的适应过程和特点进行比较分析后，发现影响大学新生适应的因素主要是社会支持、性格特质、父母教育方式以及自我角色转换意识。来自父母、同学的稳定的社会支持有助于大学新生适应，其中父母教育方式影响性格特质，性格特质影响社会支持，社会支持直接影响大学新生的适应状况。适应过程方面，在对三种适应过程进行比较分析后，总结出了这些新生适应大学生活的过程中会经历四个发展阶段：蜜月期，对新环境充满新鲜好奇；震惊期，发现新环境与预期的不同，感受到压力，没有目标，失去方向感，觉得迷茫，情绪上出现孤独、低落等心境特征；调适期，逐渐适应新环境，开始能应对压力，情绪上的低落、孤独开始减弱；掌控期，适应了新环境，情绪稳定，充满信心。针对此种情况，从适应维度的角度出发，学校社会工作可以以院系或者班级为单位，综合利用个案、小组和社区的工作方法帮助大学新生去发现并坚定自己的兴趣和目标，帮助他们获得综合利用自己周围可利用的各种学习资源去达成自己目标的能力。从适应过程看，蜜月期的学生的特点是充满新鲜感，可以充分运用大学新生的这种新鲜感帮助其建立与周围的联系，帮助其增加社会支持。震惊期的学生开始遇到来自新环境的压力，从助人自助的角度出发，学校社工不仅要帮助其应对压力，更要注重从帮助其习得应对压力的角度出发去引导学生。从而从优势角度和助人自助的角度去帮助他们适应。在调适期和掌控期大学新生已经开始适应得好，此时可以帮助大学新生去回顾自己适应的过程，帮助其将这个过程固化为一种适应的能力，今后如果遇到类似的压力，可以去反思自己的解决办法。

This essay mainly studies the coping process of 11 freshmen at Beijing Normal University, it focuses on the features of the process, what problems they will face, and what factors will influence freshmen’s adaptation. Finally, this essay discusses the intervention strategy for school social work to help freshmen get better adaptation.Through deep interviews with 11 freshmen from Beijing Normal University, this essay finds that the process of these freshmen’s coping and adapting presents three types of mold: U-rail, J-rail, Horizontal-rail; J-rail and Horizontal-rail also abide the basic rule of U-rail. While study, interpersonal communication and the balance between study and extracurricular activities are three main dimension that students find it difficult to adapt.Regarding the factors that influence factors, this study mainly discuss analysis four factors, including social support, personality traits, the way of parenting, self-awareness of coping, it finds the way of parenting may be the biggest factor.Regarding the coping process, through comparing three types of process, this research concludes four stage for the freshmen’s coping. As the first stage, honeymoon stage means students are curious about everything ; in the second stage cultural shock stage, students start to meet the pressess from the new invironment; while in adjustment stage, the freshmen learn to cope the pressess, start to get used to the new invironment; In the mastery stage, the freshmen totally adapt to the invironment, feel good about everything, become confident about himself.With the respect of coping dimensions, the school social worker make full use of case work, group work, and communication work to help freshmen to find their own goal, and assist them to get the ability of finding all resources to get to their own goal.As for the process of coping, in the honeymoon stage, school social worker could design projects to help students build connection with more people, thus strongthen their social support; While for the students in the culture shock stage, school social worker should pay more attention to get the freshmen to understand how to cope with the pressure; As for ajustment stage and mastery stage, the students have already adapted well, in these period, the school social worker can help the students to review the process that they get through, and try to transfer to their own ability, then if they meet similar difficulty in the furture, they can overcome it by themselves.