2016年，国务院办公厅颁发了《关于加强学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见》，文件明确指出学校体育对学生全面发展的作用，为体育教学改革指明方向。2019年《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》提出，“学生体质健康状况纳入学校绩效考核，对学生健康知识采取多种方式进行考查，并结合学生年龄特点，将体育纳入学业水平中等教育水平测试，对学生体质健康状况、进行综合全面评价。体育中考引发了社会各界对体育中考的关注。排球作为体育中考火热项目，在学校体育教育中具有重要意义。国家体育总局排球中心主任李全强在大中小学生排球联赛新闻发布会上表示：“中国排球的基础在校园，新时代体育教育更应回归校园，排球中心将全力支持中国大中小学生排球联赛，支持排球走进全国各大中学校园。”这一发言彰显了国家对校园排球发展的重视，为推动排球教学提供了动力和指导。

排球作为“三大球”之一，技术要求较高，入门难，尤其是硬式排球主要以竞技为主，对初学者友好，需要花费大量的时间、精力去磨炼基本技术，非常枯燥。而且在正面双手垫球学习过程中，小臂与球直接接触，初学者痛感明显、排球飞行速度快，难以预判等都导致畏难心理的产生，学练兴趣下降。因此，如何帮助学生更快地掌握排球技术，提高学习效率一直是研究的重点。本研究引入间接击球练习，它是针对排球初学者的一种新型教学方法与按照徒手动作无球练习、垫固定球练习、自抛自垫练习、对垫球练习四步来进行学习的传统顺序教学法相比，允许一次落地，不仅给予了学生充分的反应时间，让学生判断球的落点，而且能够让学生触球次数增多，不间断练习。因此，间接击球练习能够培养学生的学练兴趣，终身体育意识。

本研究根据相关文献资料和教学实践总结再提出排球间接击球练习，在为期12周的教学实验中，除实验组采用间接击球练习、对照组采用传统顺序教学法外，其余条件均相同。教学实验结束后使用表面肌电仪器采集实验组和对照组两组学生排球正面双手垫球技术肌电数据，同时进行调研，采集我国青少年女排的正面双手垫球技术肌电数据。将采集的数据用EXCEL和SPSS进行数据处理和对比。最后将两组数据与优秀运动员进行比较，来得出最优的排球正面双手垫球教学法。

研究结论：（1）间接击球法与传统顺序教学法在垫球达标测试中未表现出显著性差异，但是在技术评价方面表现出显著性差异，间接击球练习教学效果更好。
（2） 与传统排球顺序教学法相比，间接击球练习使学生在垫球时肌肉激活顺序更接近参考标准，从而更有效地掌握技术。
（3） 在间接击球练习下，学生在垫球时的肌肉肌电积分顺序更接近参考标准，这与传统排球顺序教学法相比具有明显优势。
（4） 间接击球练习有利于中学生掌握排球正面双手垫球技术，其教学方法下学生垫球时肌肉贡献率更接近参考标准，相较于传统排球顺序教学法，效果更为显著。

 In 2016, the Opinions on Strengthening School Physical Education to Promote the All-round Development of Students' Physical and Mental Health were issued by The General Office of the State Council, which clearly emphasized the pivotal role of school physical education in fostering students' comprehensive development and provided guidance for reforming physical education teaching.

In 2019, the "Opinions of The State Council on the Implementation of Healthy China Action" proposed that students' physical health should be incorporated into schools' performance assessment. Furthermore, considering students' age characteristics, their knowledge about health should be assessed through various means, while physical education should also be included in middle school academic level tests. This has drawn significant attention from all sectors of society towards sports high school entrance examinations. Volleyball, as a prominent component within physical education programs, holds great significance in promoting holistic student development at schools.

 Li Quanqiang, director of the Volleyball Center under the State General Administration of Sport, stated during a press conference for volleyball league: "The foundation of Chinese volleyball lies within campuses; thus physical education in this new era must return to its roots on campus." He further expressed full support from the volleyball center towards integrating volleyball into major middle schools across our nation." This statement highlights our country's emphasis on developing campus-based volleyball programs and provides momentum and guidance for advancing volleyball instruction.

The sport of volleyball, as one of the "three major ball games," demands high technical proficiency and presents a challenging entry barrier, particularly due to its competitive nature that can be unwelcoming to beginners. It requires significant time and effort to refine basic skills, which can often become monotonous. Additionally, the direct contact between the ball and the arms during learning poses discomfort for novices. The fast-paced and unpredictable flight of the volleyball further contributes to fear psychology and a decline in interest towards learning and practicing. Therefore, finding ways to help students acquire volleyball skills more efficiently has always been a focal point of research. This study introduces an indirect hitting teaching method as a novel approach for beginner-level volleyball players. In comparison with traditional sequential teaching methods involving four steps: freehand movements without ball practice, fixed ball practice, self-throwing self-padding practice, and padding practice; allowing for one bounce not only provides students with ample reaction time but also enables them to judge the landing spot of the ball while increasing their overall contact frequency through continuous practice sessions. Consequently：   （1) The indirect batting teaching method is beneficial for middle school students to master the technique of cushioning the volleyball with their front hands. In comparison to the traditional sequential teaching method, this approach places higher demands on both teachers and students, while also fostering a greater interest in sports among students.

(2) Compared to the traditional sequential teaching method, the indirect batting teaching method enables students to effectively master the technique by aligning their muscle activation sequence more closely with the reference standard when they pad the ball.

(3) The indirect batting teaching method yields a muscle electromyography integration sequence in students that is closer to the reference standard, presenting clear advantages over the traditional sequential teaching method for volleyball.

(4) The indirect batting teaching method proves beneficial for middle school students in mastering the volleyball front-hand ball cushion technique. Under this teaching method, the contribution rate of students' muscles in ball cushion aligns more closely with the reference standard, resulting in a more significant effect compared to the traditional sequential teaching method.