近年来，涉枪犯罪司法实务中出现一些问题，主要表现是在严控枪支政策以及严格的涉枪犯罪刑事政策之下，涉枪刑事司法实践中唯数量、数值论，一刀切问题突出，忽视对案件相关情节的综合考量以及涉枪犯罪案件社会危害性的综合评估，一些案件的处理出现了罪责刑不相适应的情况。鉴此，论文对涉枪犯罪司法实务中的问题进行了研究。 论文正文共分四个部分对涉枪犯罪司法实务的相关问题进行了研究。 第一部分论述了涉枪犯罪司法的现状及问题。认为目前涉枪犯罪刑事司法状况基本上呈现出枪支数量以及枪支鉴定标准入罪门槛低、涉枪刑事案件的处理悖情违理等情况。涉枪案件的司法现状反映出涉枪犯罪刑事司法中存在的种种问题，包括严格控枪与涉枪案件妥善处理之间产生了倾斜，涉枪案件刑事司法存在机械化与简单化的倾向，宽严相济刑事政策在涉枪案件的处理上中没有得到很好的贯彻。 第二部分论述了枪支的鉴定或者认定标准问题。就枪支认定标准的要素与结构来看，枪支认定标准涉及的要素主要有定量要素以及枪支性状方面的情节要素，枪支认定标准的基本结构或者模式应该是“数量+情节”，即在枪支的性质认定上，是枪口比动能的考量加上枪支本身性状情节的考量，两者相结合的综合考量是枪支性质认定与鉴定的科学方法。就枪支鉴定或者认定具体标准的确定而言，从稳妥性出发，应重新实行枪口比动能值16焦耳∕平方厘米的枪支认定或者鉴定标准，并辅之以合理的枪支性状特征的考察。从科学的立场以及国际通行做法来看，最终应该考虑实行枪口动能标准。 第三部分论述了涉枪犯罪案件的相关情节适用问题。就涉枪犯罪案件情节考量的一般原则与方法而言，应重视涉枪刑事案件情节的考量，坚持涉枪案件情节的综合考量原则，体现刑法基本原则与精神。就涉枪犯罪案件几种情节的具体考量而言，应重视主观认知、动机目的、实际危害后果以及其他情节的综合考量 第四部分论述涉枪犯罪案件刑事政策贯彻问题。涉枪案件涉及一个国家和社会的暴力管控问题，牵涉到国家与社会的稳定。枪支政策也体现了自由、秩序、权利等各种价值的冲突问题以及利益的考量。应协调严控枪支政策与公民自由权利之间的关系，并在涉枪案件的处理上体现宽严相济的刑事政策精神。 涉枪案件的处理反映了司法机关政策贯彻、法度掌握、法律精神领会、司法技巧运用等方面的综合水平。涉枪案件的司法的至境，在于对于自由与秩序、权利与权力相互关系深刻理解与把握的基础上，在维护基本的社会秩序以及有效、有限行使权力的前提下，不断推进公民的自由与权利。

In recent years, some problems have arisen in the judicial practice of gun-related crimes.The main manifestations are the strict control of firearms policy and the strict criminal policy involving gun-related crimes.The number and numerical theory of gun-related criminal justice practice is prominent. Neglect-ion of the comprehensive consideration of the circumstances related to the case and the comprehensive assessment of the social harm of gun-related crime cases have resulted in the inadequacy of crimes and punishments in the handling of some cases. In view of this, the dissertation has studied the issues in the judicial practice of gun-related crimes. The thesis consists of four parts, which studies the related issues of gun crimes in judicial practice. The first part discusses the current situation and problems of gun-related criminal justice. It is believed that the current state of criminal justice related to gun crimes basically presents a situation in which the number of firearms and the criteria for the identification of firearms are low, and the handling of criminal cases related to guns is unreasonable.The current judicial status of gun-related cases reflects various problems in the criminal justice of gun-related crimes, including the slant between the strict control of guns and the proper handling of gun-related cases. The criminal justice of gun-related cases tends to mechanization and simplification. The criminal policy of combing punishment and leniency has not been well implemented in dealing with gun cases. The second part discusses the criteria for the identification or identification of firearms. In terms of the factors and structure of the firearms identification standards, the factors involved in the firearms identification standards mainly include quantitative elements and plot elements in the traits of firearms. The basic structure or mode of firearms identification standards should be "quantity + plot", that is, the nature of firearms. Cognizance is the consideration of the muzzle and kinetic energy plus the consideration of the firearm itself. The combination of the two is a scientific method for the identification and identification of firearms.For the determination of specific criteria for gun identification or certification, based on soundness, firearms with a specific muzzle energy value of 16 Joules per square centimeter should be re-introduced.This should be complemented by a reasonable inspection of gun characteristics.From the stance of science and international general practice, the criteria for muzzle kinetic energy should be considered. The third part discusses the issues related to the circumstances of the gun-related crime cases. As far as the general principles and methods of the circumstances involving gun crimes are concerned, consideration should be given to the consideration of the circumstances of the criminal case involving guns, adhere to the principle of comprehensive consideration of the circumstances involving guns, and reflect the basic principles and spirit of criminal law.Regarding the specific considerations of several scenarios related to gun crimes, emphasis should be placed on the comprehensive consideration of subjective cognition, purpose of motivation, actual harm consequences, and other circumstances. The fourth part discusses the implementation of criminal policy in gun-related crimes cases. Gun-related cases involve the issue of violence control in a country and society, involving the stability of the country and society. The gun policy also reflects the conflicts of various values ,such as freedom, order, and rights, as well as the interest considerations.We should coordinate the strict control of the relationship between firearms policy and the right to civil liberties, and reflect the spirit of the criminal policy of combining leniency with strictness in the handling of gun-related cases. The handling of cases involving guns reflects the integrated level of the implementation of the policies of the judicial organs, the mastery of legal procedures, the understanding of the spirit of the law, and the use of judicial skills.The jurisdiction of the case involving guns lies in the profound understanding and grasp of the relationship between freedom and order, rights and power, and on the premise of maintaining the basic social order and effective and limited exercise of power, continuously promoting the freedom and rights of citizens.