1921—1946年，是中国共产党从成立到发展壮大的25年。这一时期，中国共产党在新民主主义革命纲领的指引下，制定了一系列的对内、对外政策，对国情、世情的认识也经历了一个转变、发展过程，而对美国的认识就是其中的重要组成部分。在不同时期，中国共产党对美国有着不同的认识：第一、二次国内革命战争时期（1935年以前），党由于受苏联和共产国际的制约，机械、教条地遵循其指令，把美国当作“凶恶、狡猾的帝国主义者”，不切实际地提出了“打倒一切帝国主义”和“武装保卫苏联”的口号。抗日战争时期，中国共产党逐步开始独立自主地认识和看待美国。根据中华民族的根本利益和国际时局的变动，中共的美国观曾经一度在“友邦”、“帝国主义阴谋家”、“典型的资本主义民主国”等认定中徘徊和反复。然而，在国际反法西斯统一战线最终形成、美国加大了对华援助之后，中国共产党对美国的评价日益积极，并在1944年7、8月间达到前所未有的高度。抗战胜利前后，赫尔利与马歇尔以美国总统特使的身份先后来华调处国共关系。但美国为了维护其战后在华的利益，偏袒、纵容蒋介石，不但为蒋运送军队，还向他提供经济、军事援助，调处不得不以失败告终，全面内战爆发。美国的所作所为，使共产党人看清了其侵略本质，对美国的看法也恢复至“帝国主义”的身份认同，并且不断固化下来，谈美必帝国主义。中国共产党美国观的变化发展过程，与一系列的历史因素有密切关系，如：中华民族根本利益的需要、对变动的国际国内形势的认知、美国对华政策的变化、苏联及共产国际的影响以及意识形态的差异等等。这些因素在不同时期对中共的美国观起着不同的作用，最后共同形成了对美国的“帝国主义”认知。中国共产党的美国观与对美政策交互影响，总的说来，对美国的认识和看法是制定对美政策的基础和依据，但在某些时期或某个事件上，二者又有所区别。1946年之后中国共产党日益固化的“帝国主义”美国观，对新中国的外交政策，乃至整个国际格局都产生了重大影响。

The Communist Party of China developed quickly in 1921-1946. During this period, the CCP made a series of domestic and foreign policies under the guidance of new democratic revolution programme, and the understanding of the national conditions and the world situations , including the American view, also experienced a development process. In different times, the CCP had different view of the United States. During the first and second domestic civil war (before 1935), following the constructions of the Soviet Union and the Communist International, the CCP regarded the US as the most ferocious and cunning imperialist country, and hoped to down with all the imperialists and defend the Soviet Union. In the anti-Japanese War, the CCP began to analysis the essence of the US. In accordance of the interests of the Chinese people and the changes of the international current affairs, the American view of the CCP hovered in the “friend”, ”imperialist”, ”the typical capitalist democracy”. However, after the international anti-fascist united front was founded and the United States has increased the aid to China, the US in the eyes of the CCP began to become much better and friendly. In the July and August 1944, the praise of the US reached an unprecedented height. In the middle of 1945, Hurley and Marshall, as the special envoy of the president of the US, came to China to mediate the relationship of the Kuomintang and the CCP. However, in order to safeguard its interests in the postwar China, the US government not only transported the troops of Chiang-Kai shek, but also provide him with economic and military aid. Thus the mediation finally failed, and the civil war broke. The action of the U.S. made the CCP recognized its aggressive nature and treated it as “imperialist” once again. The changing process of the American view of the CCP is closely related to a series of historical factors, such as the fundamental interests of the Chinese people, the changes of the domestic and international situation, changes in US foreign policy toward China, the impact of the Soviet Union and Communist International and the ideological differences. Different factors plays different roles in the process of the developing of the CCP’s American view. The American view of the CCP and the policy toward the America of the CCP interacted each other. Generally speaking, the understanding and view is the basis and foundation of the CCP’s policy toward the United States, but in a certain period, there is actually some differences between the two. After 1946, the “imperialist” image of the America has been solidified in the CCP’s eyes, and this kind of image had a major impact on New China’s foreign policy, and even the international construction.