改革开放以来中共执政权力机制研究摘 要改革开放以来，中国共产党治国理政的过程，既是执政党主导下公共权力运行的过程，也是一个不断提升党执政科学性的过程。以公共权力运行的科学性为主线，考察分析改革开放以来中国共产党执政权力机制运行的时代背景，公共权力的授予、运行和监督状况，对于深化对共产党执政规律的认识，进一步提高民主执政、科学执政、依法执政水平具有重要意义。第一章时代背景。主要分析改革开放以来，中国共产党执政权力机制运行和发展的国际形势和国内环境。就国际方面来说，主要是和平与发展成为时代主题、世界多极化不断推进、经济全球化深入发展、科技革命加速推进等；就国内来说，主要是经济体制市场化、政治发展民主化、价值观念多元化、社会结构复杂化等方面。第二章人民授权。主要分析执政党是如何通过民主选举的法律程序和其他合法程序，把本党推荐的政治精英输送到国家政权机关中去的，包括人民授权理论的坚持与发展、人民授权机制的改革和完善、政治系统领导人的依法产生、干部能上能下机制的改善等。是从组织领导角度分析人民授权于党的科学性。第三章权力运行。主要分析执政党是如何行使掌控公共权力的，包括党的政治领导、国家机关依法行使职权、人民政协有效履行职能、提高党的领导的科学化水平等。实践表明，在当代中国政治系统的权力架构中，中国共产党始终居于领导和执政地位，基本上形成了总揽全局、协调各方的领导方式和执政方式。是从政治领导角度分析执政权力运行的科学性。第四章权力监督。主要分析执政党掌控的公共权力是如何被有效监督和制约的，包括权力监督的理论创新、制度建设和实践创新，完善权力监督的对策思考等。改革开放以来，权力监督的民主性和科学性不断提高，基本形成了具有中国特色的权力监督体系，反映了立党为公、执政为民的内在要求，体现了权力运行的规律性。当然，权力监督制约机制有待于进一步完善。实践表明，提高党执政的科学性，必须加快推进自身建设的现代化，必须健全和完善人民代表大会制度并且不断提升人民授权的科学性，必须坚持党的领导、人民当家作主与依法治国的有机统一，逐步实现重大决策的民主化；必须不断完善权力监督制约机制，努力扩大权力运行的阳光性；必须深化对执政规律的认识和把握，永葆马克思主义政党的先进性和纯洁性。关键词：中国共产党；执政权力；机制；改革开放

Study on the Ruling Power Mechanism of the Chinese Communist Party since the Reform and Opening-upAbstractSince the reform and opening-up, the process of the Chinese Communist Party governing the country has been not only the process of public power operation, but also one which the scientificalness of the Party being in Power was improved. With the scientificalness of the public power operation being the main line, this dissertation inspects and analyses the background of the times, the being granted of public power, the operation and supervision of the public power, of the the ruling power mechanism operation of the Chinese Communist Party since the reform and opening-up. This is of great significance for deepening the knowing of the ruling law of the Chinese Communist Party，and for further improving the democratic administration, scientific administration and controlling government according to law.The content of the first chapter is the background of times. This chapter studys mainly the domestic and international situation, which the ruling power mechanism operation and development of the Chinese Communist Party has depended upon, since the reform and opening-up.The profound changes of international situation have been including mainly that peace and development being the theme of the times, multi-polarization of the world being continued to advance, economic globalization developing in depth, revolution in science and technology being accelerated and other aspects. The important changes of domestic environment mainly have been including that marketization of the economic system, democratization of the political development, pluralism of the values, complexity of the social structure etc.. The content of the second chapter is the people’s empowerment. It mainly studies how to send the political elites of the Party to the organs of the state power, through democratic election process of law and other legal procedures, which includes the adherence and development of the people’s empowerment theory, the reform and improvement of the people's authorization mechanism, the political system leaders to produce in accordance with the law, the improvement of the cadres selection and exit mechanism,etc.. It analyses the scientificalness of the people’s authorization from the point of the leadership of the organization.The content of the third chapter is the operation of power. It mainly analyzes how the ruling Party has been using the public power which it has been controlling. It includes that the political leadship of the Chinese Communist party, the state organs to exercise their functions according to law, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference to perform its functions effectively, the Party's leading scientific level to improve,etc.. Practice shows that, the Communist Party of China has always been living in the leading and ruling position, in the structure of the power of the contemporary Chinese political system. The ruling Party has formed basically the style of leadership and governance which it has been controlling the state power and coordinating all parts of it. This part mainly analyzes the scientificalness of the power operation from the point of political leadership. The content of the fourth chapter is the supervision of power. It mainly analyzes how the public power which the Party has controlled has been supervised and restricted efficiently, whih includes the theory innovation, system construction and practice innovation of the power supervision, and the countermeasures of the improvement of power supervision,etc.. The democracy and scientificalness of the power supervision have been improved constantly since the reform and opening-up, which has formed basically the power supervision system with Chinese characteristics, reflected the inherent requirement with establishing the Party for the public and governing for the people, showed the regularity of power operation. Of course, the power supervision and restriction mechanism need to be further improved yet. The practice has shown that in order to enhance the scientificalness of the Party ruling, the Party must accelerate the modernization of its building; improve and perfect the system of the people’s Congress, and enhance the scientificalness of the people's authorization; put upholding the Party’s leadership, the people to be in power and governing the country in accordance with the law together, and gradually realize the democratization of the important decision-making; continuously perfect the mechanism of the power supervision and restriction, and strive to expand the publicness of the power operation; deepen the understanding and holding of governing rules, and keep the Marxism political party’s progressiveness and purity forever.Key Words: Communist Party of China; Governing Power; Mechanism; Reform and Opening-up