第二语言加工和第二语言习得密切相关，其中句子作为语言理解的基本 形式与核心，对句子加工机制及其影响因素的研究一直受到研究者的高度重 视。为进一步探究汉语二语者的句子加工机制及影响因素，本文以含有关系 从句的复杂句作为研究材料，以汉语一语者为对照组，采用经典的句子理解 行为实验以及非参数分析、相关分析和线性回归等多种统计检验方法初步探 究了汉语一语者和汉语二语者在汉语复杂句加工上的差异以及汉语二语者的 习得年龄和熟练度对汉语复杂句加工的影响。在此基础上，本研究还采用了 表征相似性分析方法进一步分析了汉语一语者和汉语二语者在复杂句的句法 和语义加工上的差异以及二语者的习得年龄和熟练度对汉语二语者句法和语 义加工的影响。
      实验结果显示，汉语一语者在加工汉语复杂句的行为表现上显著优于汉 语二语者，而且汉语一语者加工含宾语关系从句复杂句的反应时要少于处理 含主语关系从句复杂句的反应时，存在宾语从句加工优势。在复杂句的句法 和语义加工上，发现不论是汉语一语者还是二语者在句法和语义加工上都存 在显著差异，且均更依赖于语义加工。习得年龄与汉语二语者的正确率存在 显著的负相关，习得年龄越大，正确率越低。熟练度与正确率之间存在显著 的正相关，且与反应时间存在负相关，意味着熟练度越高，正确率也越高， 反应时间越短。在复杂句的句法和语义加工方面，发现汉语二语者的习得年 龄对汉语复杂句的句法和语义加工并无显著影响，但汉语二语者的熟练度与 句法反应时间之间存在显著的正相关关系，表明随着汉语二语者语言熟练度 的提高，二语者趋向于更多地依赖深层句法解析，故而在句法加工上会花费 更多的时间，且二语者的句法和语义加工能力是相辅相成的。

    Second language processing and acquisition are closely related, with sentences as the fundamental and core form of language comprehension, the study of sentence processing mechanisms and their influencing factors has always been of great interest to researchers. To further explore the sentence processing mechanisms and influencing factors of Chinese as a second language learners, this paper uses complex sentences containing relative clauses as research material, with native Chinese speakers as a control group. It employs classic sentence comprehension behavioral experiments along with various statistical tests such as nonparametric analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression to preliminarily investigate the differences in complex sentence processing between native Chinese speakers and Chinese as a second language learners, as well as the impact of the learners' age of acquisition and proficiency on processing Chinese complex sentences. On this basis, the study also uses representational similarity analysis methods to further analyze the differences in syntactic and semantic processing of complex sentences between native Chinese speakers and Chinese as a second language learners, and the impact of second language learners' age of acquisition and proficiency on their syntactic and semantic processing.

    The experimental results show that native Chinese speakers significantly outperform Chinese as a second language learners in processing Chinese complex sentences. Moreover, native speakers have a shorter response time in processing complex sentences with object relative clauses than those with subject relative clauses, indicating an object clause processing advantage. In the syntactic and semantic processing of complex sentences, it was found that both native and second language speakers show significant differences in syntactic and semantic processing, relying more on semantic processing. The age of acquisition has a significant negative correlation with the accuracy rate of second language learners; the older the age of acquisition, the lower the accuracy rate. There is a significant positive correlation between proficiency and accuracy rate, and a negative correlation with response time, meaning that higher proficiency leads to higher accuracy rates and shorter response times. In terms of syntactic and semantic processing of complex sentences, it was found that the age of acquisition of Chinese as a second language learners has no significant impact on the syntactic and semantic processing of Chinese complex sentences, but there is a significant positive correlation between second language learners' proficiency and syntactic response time. This indicates that as the proficiency of Chinese as a second language learners increases, learners tend to rely more on deep syntactic parsing, thus spending more time on syntactic processing, and the learners' syntactic and semantic processing abilities complement each other.