19世纪40年代以来，马克思在其世界观和政治立场转变过程中及完成后对当时各类与其针锋相对、影响和误导工人运动的思潮展开斗争。然因其批判思潮之多，本文无法全部囊括，因此本文主要选取马克思实现世界观和政治立场转变后重点批判且在工人运动中产生重要影响的思潮进行分析。本文将这类与马克思的思想相对的，影响工人运动的思潮称为错误社会思潮，以便和马克思的观点进行区分。错误社会思潮因其鲜明的阶级性、精明的伪装性以及显著的群体性对工人运动产生了不同程度的影响。

马克思对错误社会思潮的批判在19世纪40至80年代之间主要经历了三个不同时期，分别是《共产党宣言》发表前、巴黎公社革命前以及“和平准备阶段”时期，在这三个时期资本主义社会发生了不同程度的变化，马克思与错误社会思潮论争的重点和方向也有所不同。其中19世纪40年代左右与青年黑格尔派展开论战，40年代末至60年代与蒲鲁东主义等机会主义思潮展开论战，正是在此过程中马克思主义的科学性和真理性得以验证。

马克思在对错误社会思潮的批判中将科学的方法即由表及里揭开错误社会思潮的虚假外衣、科学扬弃实现对错误社会思潮的超越和发展、积极关注及时回应和总结社会思潮、破立结合在批判中构建科学理论图谱的方法应用其中，为当代社会批判错误社会思潮提供了可供借鉴的经验。

当前，面对多元社会思潮对马克思主义的冲击，要始终坚持以科学的方法批判错误社会思潮，做到在批判中研究、在实践中辩驳、在人民中解蔽。同时要在坚持和发展马克思主义中引领多元社会思潮，做到坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位、坚持马克思主义和发展马克思主义的辩证统一、以当代中国的马克思主义和21世纪的马克思主义凝心聚力等。

Since the 1840s, Marx has fought against with various ideological trends that influenced and misled the labor movement during and after the transformation of his world views and political position. However, there are so many ideological trends he has criticized that this paper cannot cover. Therefore, this paper focuses on the thoughts that have been mainly criticized after Marx finished his transformation of world views and political position, and that have an important influence in the labor movement for analysis. This paper name those social thoughts that were opposite to Marx's thoughts and influenced the labor movement as the wrong social thoughts in order to distinguish them with Marx's. The wrong social thoughts have had varying degrees of influence on the labor movement due to their distinctive class nature, shrewd disguise and significant group nature.

Marx's critique of the wrong social thoughts went through three different periods between the 1840s and 1980s. It was before the publication of The Communist Manifesto, the period of the Paris Commune Revolution, and the Peace preparation stage. In this period, the capitalist society had undergone changes in varying degrees, so the focus and direction of the debate between Marx's and the wrong social thoughts were also different. Among them, Marx debated with the Young Hegelian in the 1940s. From the late 1940s to the 1960s, he debated with the social thoughts of opportunism such as Proudhonism and so on. The scientificity and truthness of Marxism was verified during this process.

In his criticism of the wrong social thoughts, Marx used scientific methods, which uncovered the false coat of the wrong social thoughts from the outside, absorbed and discarded the wrong social thoughts scientifically aimed to realize the development of develop the right thought, actively paid attention to thoughts followed，responded and summarized the wrong social thoughts in time a timely manner, from those he construct a scientific theoretical map in the criticism.

At present, facing the impact of pluralistic social thoughts on Marxism, we should criticize the wrong social thoughts in a scientific way, and we should learn to do the research critically, critical in the practice, and clarify the wrong social thoughts among the people. At the same time, we must lead pluralistic social thoughts in the adherence and development of Marxism, adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the field of ideology, adhere to the dialectical unity of Marxism and the development of Marxism, and let the Marxism in contemporary China and in the 21st century to lead the development and so on.