本研究以期望和主观福利为研究对象，探讨了期望对主观幸福感的影响。本研究首先就相关文献进行了系统的梳理，明确了期望的概念，以及期望和主观幸福感的度量。在期望的不同定义范围内，本研究着重研究了积极预期的作用。首先，本文提出三个与收入预期相关的假设，并利用澳大利亚的收入预期数据，进行了验证。再次，研究进行理论推导，探究收入预期的其实现程度对主观幸福感的影响。并用印度尼西亚的数据，对理论推导产生的结果进行验证。最后，跳出收入预期的框架，研究了健康预期对个人心里健康状态的影响。

研究发现，平均而言，期望对主观福利的影响是显著的，且个人的收入预期随着收入水平的提升而不断升高。同时，期望对主观福利的影响也是不对称的。与乐观主义的微弱积极影响相比，悲观的期望具有更加强烈的不利影响。同时，乐观和悲观的影响也存在性别上的差异性。乐观主义只改善了女性的幸福感，而没有改善男性的幸福感，而悲观主义则对男性女性的幸福感均有负面的影响。超过期望很少会影响到任何子群体的幸福感。而未满足的期望会显著降低幸福感。

在健康方面，研究首次提供证据表明，在考虑到反向因果关系后，对个人身体健康的积极未来预期会显著降低抑郁状况。然而，这与性别有一定，因为研究结果表明乐观的健康预期对男性抑郁状况有效，但对女性抑郁状况无效。同时， 研究所采用的成长曲线模型表示，健康乐观主义与抑郁状况的联系随着年龄的增长而减弱。

This study takes expectations and subjective well-being as the research objects and explores the influence of expectations on subjective well-being. This research firstly conducts a systematic review of relevant literature, and clarifies the concept of expectations, as well as the measurement of expectations and subjective well-being. Second, this research puts forward three hypotheses related to income expectations and uses income expectations data from Australia to verify them. Third, the study conducts theoretical derivation to explore the impact of the degree of realization of income expectations on subjective well-being. In addition, data from Indonesia was used to verify the results of the theoretical derivation. Finally, going beyond of income expectations, I examine the impact of health expectations on personal mental health.

The study found that, on average, the impact of expectations on subjective well-being is significant, and personal expectations increase as income levels rise. At the same time, the impact of expectations on subjective well-being is found to be asymmetric. Compared with the weak positive effects of optimism, pessimistic expectations have stronger negative effects. Meanwhile, there are gender differences in the impact of optimism and pessimism. Optimism only improves women's happiness, but not men's happiness, while pessimism has a negative impact on men and women's happiness. Exceeding expectations rarely affects the happiness of any subgroup. Unmet expectations can significantly reduce happiness.

In terms of health, research has provided evidence for the first time that, after considering reverse causality, positive future expectations for personal health can significantly reduce depression. However, it relates with gender, because research results show that optimistic health expectations are effective for male depression, but not for female depression. At the same time, the growth curve model indicates that the link between health optimism and depression diminishes with age.